<p>The Santa Barbara School is a historic school building in the Santa Barbara-Martineztown area of Albuquerque, New Mexico. Built in phases between 1908 and 1930, it is one of the city&#39;s oldest surviving school buildings and is notable for its association with Atanasio Montoya, a noted educator who reformed and modernized the Bernalillo County school system in the early 20th century. The school was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Santa Barbara-Martineztown area was settled in the mid-1800s as a rural Hispanic community some 2 mi from the Albuquerque plaza. The Santa Barbara School was established there in 1908 as part of Bernalillo County school district 13, which also included the schools at Old Town and Duranes. The original two-room schoolhouse was constructed of adobe with a stone foundation; a third room was added at some point in the subsequent decade. In 1912 the Bernalillo County schools were taken over by a new superintendent, Atanasio Montoya, who is credited with modernizing the county school system. Under Montoya&#39;s tenure the school was expanded again in 1919. This addition, designed by architect E. H. Norris, added one large room with a folding partition to the south side of the school, separated from the three older classrooms by a central hall. In this configuration the building was similar in layout to the Old Armijo School which is still standing in the South Valley.</p><br>
<p>The school was expanded still further in 1924, adding a second large partitionable room to the south side and adding the distinctive Mission style curved parapet. Prior to this project, the school was reportedly so crowded that even the hallway was being used for classes. Two other additions were constructed at the back of the building around 1926 and 1930, respectively. However, declining populations in the Martineztown area saw the enrollment at Santa Barbara drop from 232 to 139 between 1930 and 1940. In the late 1940s District 13 was taken over by Albuquerque Public Schools, whose nearby Longfellow Elementary was also experiencing declining enrollment. By 1952 Santa Barbara was down to just eight full-time teachers, and it closed completely in 1971. APS continued to use the building for auxiliary purposes until 1986, then sold it to the city of Albuquerque in 1988. The school was then renovated into housing for senior citizens in 1991.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The Santa Barbara School is a one-story building of varied materials, with sections of adobe, brick, and concrete block construction. It is designed in a simplified Mission Revival style, with stuccoed walls, arched doorways, and curvilinear parapets, which conceal a partially hipped and partially flat roof. The school is organized around a central hallway extending nearly the full length of the building with classrooms on either side, and the exterior is generally symmetrical about this axis. Most of the windows are 6-over-6 sashes grouped in threes.</p><br>
<p>Montville Memorial Precinct is a heritage-listed memorial precinct at Razorback Road and Main Street , Montville, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 August 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Montville Memorial Precinct is located in the village of Montville in the Blackall Range west of the Sunshine Coast. Each element of the precinct has a war memorial function and the place is the setting for annual Anzac Day ceremonies. The memorial gates (1921), commemorating World War I servicemen, form an entrance into Montville Hall (1903) from Memorial Close. The hall contains two memorial honour boards commemorating servicemen from both world wars. Opposite the memorial gates and abutting the Close, a park known locally as the "Village Green" contains six memorial trees (1923) and a former Soldiers Memorial Hall (1941) (now Montville Memorial Hall, St Marys Church Hall and Community Centre). The precinct is located at the intersection of Main Street (Montville-Mapleton Road) and Razorback Road.</p><br>
<p>The men from Montville who served in World War I came from a community of about fifty-five farmers and dairymen and their families. The settlement had developed some twenty years earlier at the head of Razorback Road which, at the time, was the main means of access from Palmwoods into this part of the Blackall Range. From 1891, when the North Coast railway line came to Palmwoods, it provided a route to the railhead for the fruit growers, dairymen and timber getters of the district. A school was established at the head of the road in 1896 and nearby properties were subdivided into small blocks. By World War I, Montville village had a School of Arts Hall (now Montville Hall), a guesthouse and two stores.</p><br>
<p>About forty men enlisted from Montville&#39;s small community; of these six died. Like most communities throughout Australia during the 1920s, Montville erected memorials to its servicemen after the war. As well as honouring those who had volunteered for service, war memorials provided an important focus for collective grieving especially at annual memorial services such as Remembrance Day and Anzac Day. They served as a local expression of patriotism and national identity.</p><br>
<p>Montville&#39;s memorial gates were unveiled on Armistice Day, 11 November 1921. They comprised four Helidon stone pillars supporting wrought iron gates and a fence. Lead filled inscriptions of the names of all the local men who enlisted were engraved on marble slabs mounted on the gate pillars.</p><br>
<p>The gates were made by AL Petrie and Son, Queenslands most prolific maker of memorials during that period. Andrew Lang Petrie, was a grandson of Andrew Petrie, Superintendent of Works during Moreton Bays penal period, and a son of John Petrie, Brisbane&#39;s first mayor. He was a leading citizen of Brisbane who held a seat in the Queensland Legislative Assembly for thirty-three years. Other monuments in southeast Queensland made by the company include war memorial gates at Kalinga Park (1920), Kallangur (1923) and Chermside (1924) and other types of memorials such as the Ipswich Railway Workshops War Memorial (1919), Graceville Memorial Park (1920), and Toowong Memorial Park (1922).</p><br>
<p>Montville&#39;s memorial gates are rare in Queensland and in Australia in that they include the names of those who volunteered for service but were rejected. War memorials often recorded the names of both those who returned from service during war and those who died. By the absence of names on a monument, these memorials also identified those who did not volunteer for service. This was especially true in small towns like Montville where everyone in the community was known. To avoid unfair public disapprobation, associations of rejected volunteers often petitioned to have their names included on memorials, usually without success. While the names of volunteers who were rejected do appear on a number of honour boards, it is rare for them to appear on monuments as they do at Montville.</p><br>
<p>The memorial gates are the focal point of annual Anzac Day services at Montville. The adjacent Memorial Close, memorial trees and Montville Hall perform functions in these services as well as being important elements in the setting of the gates. The close, shaded by the memorial trees, provides a wide, open area where members of the community gather to participate in the dawn ceremony. Afterwards, Anzac biscuits and refreshments are served in the hall, where veterans may also play the traditional "two-up" game. Rolls of honour for both world wars are mounted on the wall.</p><br>
<p>Montville Hall, completed on 23 February 1903, predated World War I by more than ten years but it was a logical choice for the site of the gates since, together with the "Village Green", it was the centre of community activities; a role it continues to play. It was built by Robert Whitecross to plans and specifications prepared by William Skene, a local farmer.</p><br>
<p>A number of alterations have been made to the hall since its construction. Between 1915 and 1921 it was lengthened by about one third. A supper room and verandah incorporating a kitchen annex was added to the eastern side during the 1950s. In 1999, a large rear extension was built incorporating a dressing room, stage lighting, store-room, toilets and an upgraded kitchen.</p><br>
<p>Opposite the hall and memorial gates, a line of six memorial trees grow on the "Village Green" along Memorial Close. They are in the tradition of memorial avenues. The first of these in Australia were planted in Victoria. During the war, the State Recruiting Committee in Victoria recommended that each intending recruit should be given the assurance that his name would be memorialised in an avenue of honour. By 1918, Ballarat was committed to nearly 4,000 plaqued trees. In southeast Queensland there are a number of memorial avenues including Anzac Memorial Avenue between Petrie and Redcliffe, Diggers Drive at Kalinga Park, and memorial avenues in Graceville Memorial Park and at the Eumundi War Memorial.</p><br>
<p>Montville&#39;s memorial trees were planted by children from the nearby Montville State School as an Arbour Day project in September 1923. The school had been planting Arbour Day trees since before World War I and by the 1920s available room within the school grounds was becoming restricted. This prompted the decision by Arthur Suthers, Head Teacher of the school in 1923, to arrange for six figs (Ficus benjamina) to be planted as a memorial opposite the memorial gates. Each of the trees bears a plaque naming one of the six local men who died during World War I.</p><br>
<p>The former Soldiers&#39; Memorial Hall is located on the opposite side of the Village Green to the memorial trees. Memorial halls were a popular form of utilitarian memorial. They were often used as a clubroom for returned soldiers and sometimes also functioned as a community hall.</p><br>
<p>The Soldiers Memorial Hall was built in 1941 under the auspices of the Montville sub-branch of the Returned Soldiers, Sailors and Airmens Imperial League of Australia (RSSAILA, now RSL) by veterans of World War I as a club room for returned soldiers. In seeking a grant of crown land on which to build the hall, the builders cited the need to provide support for World War II servicemen when they returned. As home to the local sub-branch of the RSL, it functioned as a clubroom for local veterans until 1978 when it was donated to St Marys Church of England and renamed Montville Memorial Hall, St Marys Church Hall and Community Centre. Since construction, a kitchen has been added. The verandah was built in August 1995.</p><br>
<p>It is not unusual for a number of war memorials to be sited in close proximity. The best-known example is Anzac Square in Brisbane, where a number of monuments are located in proximity to the Shrine of Remembrance. Memorial gates are also often found in juxtaposition with memorial avenues in parks, where they often form the entrance to the avenue. Examples of this type include Kalinga Park and Toowong Memorial Park. However, the Montville Precinct, containing memorial gates, trees, hall, close and honour rolls, is unusual for the variety of memorial types in close proximity.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Montville Memorial Precinct is a leafy area centred on a small park known locally as the "Village Green". As well as this park, it comprises a short street called Memorial Close, memorial gates, a row of memorial fig trees (Ficus sp), a large community hall known as Montville Hall, and a smaller community hall known as the Montville Memorial Hall, St Mary&#39;s Church Hall and Community Centre. The precinct is located in the commercial centre of Montville, a village in the hinterland of the Sunshine Coast.</p><br>
<h3>Montville Hall</h3><br>
<p>Located at the northern edge of the precinct, Montville Hall is a weatherboard hall. The core of the building has a gabled corrugated iron roof with three ventilators; a wide extension along the eastern side has a skillion roof. A rear extension has a lower narrower gabled roof. The hall is sited on land that slopes gently to the rear so that the front is at ground level and the rear is elevated on stumps.</p><br>
<p>The wide gable of the roof is the most prominent feature of the front elevation. The apex of the gable is in-filled with slatted boards. Access through the front of the hall is gained via a small porch with a gabled, corrugated iron roof. Doors open into either side of this porch. Sash windows open into the hall, one on either side of the porch and a third in the front of the side extension.</p><br>
<p>A row of horizontally hinged timber framed windows opens from the long eastern elevation. A short ramp running parallel to the side of the building leads to a double timber door located approximately in the middle of the elevation. A metal hood shades this door.</p><br>
<p>The long western elevation is broken at the rear by a short projecting extension. A row of tall sash windows are spaced evenly along the elevation in front of this and a double wooden door shaded with a metal hood opens towards the front. The extension has high, small square windows. A short staircase to a landing provides access to a wooden door into the north elevation of the extension. The door is shaded by a metal hood.</p><br>
<p>Most of the interior of the building is taken up with a large hall. At the end of this hall is a stage recessed into the rear wall. The hall has a coved ceiling. The walls are lined with vertically jointed boards and the ceiling is lined with boards running the length of the hall. Photographs and honour boards are arranged around the walls.</p><br>
<p>A large World War I honour board made of dark stained timber with gold lettering is mounted on the eastern wall near the front of the hall. The top of the board is surmounted with ornate scrolled work. On this top section are the words: "For King and Country. Roll of Honour." The main part of the board is divided into three sections in each of which is listed the names of those who enlisted for World War I. Across the top of this section are the words, "Montville District".</p><br>
<p>The slightly larger World War II honour board is located next to the World War I board. It is also made of dark stained timber and has gold lettering. It is square in shape and less ornate than the World War I board. It is divided into a rectangular top section and a much larger lower section listing the names of the enlisted in three columns. The words "Montville and District, Roll of Honour, World War 1939-1945" appear in the top section. The four dead are listed at the top of the centre column of names in the lower section. The names are surrounded by a wreath and surmounted with the words "Lest We Forget". The centre column also lists local women who served in World War II.</p><br>
<p>The eastern extension takes the form of a long narrow room running the length of the building. A sliding timber door opens into the main hall. One end of the room is partitioned to form a commercial kitchen. The room is ceiled with sheeting.</p><br>
<p>The small rear gable-roofed extension houses a room and corridors that provide access to the stage. The room and corridors are ceiled with sheeting.</p><br>
<h3>Memorial Gates</h3><br>
<p>The memorial gates are located at the front (southern end) of the hall. The gates and associated fences form a semi-circle around the front of the main part of the hall. They comprise four sandstone pillars supporting wrought iron fences and a wrought iron gate. The two pillars supporting the gates are larger than the others. A flag pole is located at each end of the structure.</p><br>
<p>Each pillar comprises a cube-shaped base with a narrower square sectioned shaft topped by a pyramid. A projecting ornamental moulding surrounds the shaft near the top and the pyramid has a single step at about mid height.</p><br>
<p>Rectangular marble slabs containing the names of the enlisted and also the names of those rejected for service are mounted on the front of the pillars supporting the gates. The lettering is dark grey in appearance. The left pillar contains the words "Erected by the residents of Montville District in appreciation of those residents who enlisted in the Great War 1914-1919". Beneath this are the names of the six men who died. A list of thirty three names is inscribed on the right pillar under the heading "Enlisted". Beneath this is a list of a further six names under the heading "Rejected".</p><br>
<p>A small garden is cultivated inside the semi-circle formed by the gates. To the right of the gates in front of the eastern extension of the hall is another small garden edged by rocks. Four short pillars are arranged in a row along the front of this garden.</p><br>
<h3>The "Village Green" and memorial trees</h3><br>
<p>The "Village Green" is a triangular park formed by Memorial Close (north), Razorback Road (south) and Main Street (west). Memorial Close is between the park and the memorial gates. The six memorial trees are evenly spaced in a row along the northern edge of the park opposite the gates.</p><br>
<p>The memorial trees are tall spreading figs (Ficus benjamina) that overhang Memorial Close and much of the park. Other smaller trees and shrubs grow in the park (including three Ficus obliqua on the south- west side) and together with the memorial trees create an extensive green shady area. The park is covered with lawn except under the trees and where there are small garden plots along the Main Street edge. A low stone wall runs at intervals along this edge. There is a flagpole at the north western corner of the park.</p><br>
<p>Each of the memorial trees bears a small brass plaque inscribed with "1914-1918", the name of one of the dead from World War I, and "Lest We Forget". A series of four picnic settings are spaced at regular intervals in a row underneath the trees.</p><br>
<p>The picnic settings and a modern brick amenities block in the north-east corner of the park are not considered to be of cultural heritage significance.</p><br>
<h3>Montville Memorial Hall, St Mary's Church Hall and Community Centre</h3><br>
<p>The Montville Memorial Hall is located at the rear of the "Village Green". It is a small gable-roofed, weatherboard hall with the long axis, containing the front verandah and entrance, facing Main Street. There is a skillion roofed extension at the northern end.</p><br>
<p>A verandah with a corrugated iron roof and a small gable in the middle runs the length of the front (western) elevation except the extension. Entrance is gained through a double set of wooden doors. Double sets of casement windows open either side of this door. The verandah has short balustrades at each end, but none across the front.</p><br>
<p>Four plaques are fastened to the front wall, two on either side of the door. Left of the door, one plaque commemorates the arrival of the Salvation Army at Montville in 1897. The other commemorates the addition of the verandah in August 1995. To the right of the door, a plaque commemorates the construction of the hall during World War II and the donation of the hall to St Marys Church in 1978. Another plaque, dated 2002, commemorates those who served and died during World War II and the "Fuzzy Wuzzy Angels&#39; who supported them in the Milne Bay and Kokoda campaigns, 1942".</p><br>
<p>Two sets of casement windows open into the southern elevation, which otherwise is devoid of notable features. Two sets of casement windows open into the opposite elevation. The window nearest to the front is a double set. There is a wooden door between these windows. A double wooden door approached by a long ramp provides access in the middle of the rear (eastern) elevation. Double sets of casement windows are located either side of this door. A corrugated iron tank on a tank- stand is located at the northern end.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the hall comprises two rooms: a large hall and small kitchen. The kitchen is housed in the skillion roofed northern extension. It is lined with painted vertical boards and fitted with built-in cupboards and a sink. A door and a wide servery open into the kitchen from the main hall. The hall is undecorated except for a picture of the Queen and an Australian flag that are hung at the southern end. A built-in cabinet is fitted to the northern wall next to the door into the kitchen. The walls, ceiling and floor of the hall are lined with unpainted light-coloured timber boards.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Montville Memorial Precinct was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 28 August 2008 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Montville Memorial Precinct is important in demonstrating the pattern of Queenslands history, being associated with Australias involvement in two world wars and with the national expressions of grief that followed. The World War I memorials at Montville (1921 gates and 1923 memorial trees) reflect a period of strong and widespread Australian patriotism and nationalism when most Queensland communities erected a public memorial to honour local participation in the war.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Montville Memorial Gates (1921) are rare in Queensland insofar as they include the names of men who volunteered for service in World War I but were rejected. Associations of rejected volunteers often petitioned for their names to be included on memorials. However, while they appear on a number of honour boards, it is rare for them to be included on monuments.</p><br>
<p>The Montville Precinct, containing memorial gates and trees, Memorial Close, a soldiers&#39; memorial hall, and honour rolls, is uncommon for the variety of memorial types located in close proximity to each other.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The area is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of war memorials. Designed for commemorative ceremonies, it contains a prominent monument: the memorial gates, which display the names of the local enlisted and dead and forms the centre-piece of memorial services. Memorial Close forms an open space in front of the monument that accommodates the people who participate in these services. The memorial trees display the names of the dead as well as providing a leafy canopy over the whole area. Behind the gates, the Montville Hall, containing honour rolls, provides for activities after the services.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>Visually dominated by the spreading memorial fig trees (Ficus benjamina), the Montville Memorial Precinct with its well composed stone memorial gates, rustic timber and iron buildings and green lawns displays strong picturesque qualities. In a busy commercial area frequented by tourists from all over Australia, it forms a leafy, peaceful enclave.</p><br>
<p>Dularcha Railway Tunnel is a heritage-listed former railway tunnel at 1.5 km south of Mooloolah township in Landsborough, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1890 to 1891 by T Jesser & Company. It is also known as North Coast Line No 1: Mooloolah tunnel. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 September 1999.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Dularcha Railway Tunnel, constructed in 1890-91, formed part of the section of railway from Landsborough to Yandina, which in turn was part of the North Coast railway line from Brisbane to Gympie.</p><br>
<p>The construction of Queensland railways began in 1864, however, unlike other states, routes were constructed independently of each other. Consequently, while a rail line had extended north from Gympie to Maryborough since 1881, it was not until 1888 that a line was opened from Brisbane to create a link with Gympie. Surveys for the section of line between Caboolture and Gympie had begun as early as 1884, however, the terrain had created difficulties which was eventually resolved by the construction of four major bridges and two tunnels. The North Coast Line was opened at Gympie in 1891. At the time, the North Coast Line was a direct link between Brisbane and Maryborough and brought Gympie within easy reach of Brisbane. So convenient was the line that a return journey from Brisbane to Gympie could be made in one day. Troops sent to quell the 1891 Shearer&#39;s Strike in Central Queensland were transported on this line.</p><br>
<p>The North Coast Line soon became a dominant method of freight transportation with passenger traffic increasing dramatically as each new link further north created an integrated rail system. It was popularity of train travel that promoted the gazetting of Dularcha National Park on 21 May 1924 under the State Forests and National Parks Act 1906. The area covered 336 acres. This area included that part of the Landsborough to Yandina line which incorporated the Dularcha Railway Tunnel. Between 1900-1920, the North Coast Line was gradually increasing in importance. It was constructed over a period of forty years and coastal rail freight grew slowly as coastal shipping offered cheaper rates for heavy freight.</p><br>
<p>The first section of the railway specifically built as part of the North Coast Line was the line from Caboolture to Gympie. Surveying began in 1882 and took six years. There were so many new lines being planned that surveying resources were thinly spread. It was October 1886 before Section 5 from Gympie South to Martin&#39;s Halfway House (Cooran) on the road to Noosa was completed. The contract was awarded to Willocks & Company.</p><br>
<p>The North Coast Line from Brisbanes Roma Street to Sandgate opened on 11 May 1882. Later from Nundah to Petrie on 1 March 1888 and Caboolture on 11 June 1888. Plans of section 2 and 3 from Caboolture to Yandina were approved in November 1887 and was awarded to T Jesser and Company on 14 December 1888. The Jesser and Company had also been given the contract for the Bowen Railway in April 1890. Besides the major bridges over the Mooloolah River, Eudlo Creek, Petrie Creek and the South Maroochy River, the line included the only two tunnels on the entire North Coast Line, one of which was the Dularcha Railway Tunnel. Sections were opened as they were completed, from Caboolture to Landsborough on 1 February 1890, and to Yandina from 1 January 1891. For the first time the trip from Gympie to Brisbane could be accomplished in a day, a twelve-hour trip. Some of the first passengers to make the one-day journey were the troops sent to Central Queensland to quell the Shearers strike.</p><br>
<p>The Brisbane-Gympie link put the Queensland Railways into competition with coastal shipping for the first time. Work began on regrading the North Coast line between Caboolture and Gympie in 1928 and continued until 1932. The northern section of the railway line including the tunnel was abandoned in 1932. At this time, the line was deviated east (about 600 metres south of the south portal) to its current location. As a result of the line deviation, the area of Dularcha National Park increased to 342 acres.</p><br>
<p>Following the closure of the tunnel for railway purposes area was closed off inside the opening of the south portal when it was leased for mushroom growing. An unsealed vehicular track, in part following the original rail route, passes through the National Park and the tunnel. The road connects the two communities of Landsborough and Mooloola.</p><br>
<p>The Dularcha Railway Tunnel was identified in the Queensland Railway Heritage Places Study: Stage 2. Volume 4.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Built through a sandstone ridge, Dularcha railway tunnel is located within Dularcha National Park, 5 km north of Landsborough. Dominant vegetation in the area is brush box, flooded gums and ironbarks and stringybarks along the ridge. Part of the southern approach of the tunnel runs parallel to the current North Coast Line rail track.</p><br>
<p>The tunnel runs on a north–south axis. Two semi-elliptical concrete portals are located at the north and south openings of the tunnel. The tunnel is concrete-lined throughout with cuttings at either end. A vehicular dirt track in the National Park in part following the original rail line now removed, passes through the Dularcha Railway Tunnel joining the two towns.</p><br>
<p>The tunnel is approximately 100 m long and curves slightly towards the northern portal. The northern and southern portals are both similar in structure and design. They are curved and are approximately 4 m high and 4.2 m wide. A horizontal concrete ridge is located at the top of each facade, delineating the completion of the tunnel and the commencement of the natural sandstone and vegetation. Protruding from the cement facade of each portal, under the horizontal ridges and near to the natural rock wall, is a terracotta drainage pipe with a diameter of 20 cm.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the tunnel is surfaced with undecorated cement. Two safety bays are recessed into the tunnel and wall are also concrete faced. They are located approximately one third of the way in from each portal on its left and are wide enough for two people. Weep holes are located throughout the tunnel and are colonised by small bats, including the large-footed myotis. The interior is cool and moist.</p><br>
<p>The interior walls near the portal openings have been subject to graffiti. Recent spray painting is evident, however, etched into the cement are letters, numbers and other unidentifiable marks, some appearing to be names and dates dating back to as early as 1910. Remains of a wall that once closed off the tunnel about half a metre inside the southern portal are still visible. A little further inside the tunnel, fixed to each wall, are several metal brackets, thought to be the remains of a gate hinge. Directly outside the southern portal, on the eastern side, lies the remains of a corroded rail line. Above the northern portal, on the western side, are the remains of telegraph poles.</p><br>
<p>Across the top of the tunnel giving access to the State forest, is Roses Road. Remains of two wood post and wire fences are located above the north and south portal and run parallel with Roses Road. The fences may have been designed to restrict access to the tunnel portals from the ridge. They do not appear to restrict the use of or deny access to Rose&#39;s Road.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Dularcha Railway Tunnel was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 24 September 1999 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Dularcha Railway Tunnel is significant as part of the original formation of the track between Brisbane and Maryborough. The Tunnel provides evidence of the importance of the railway as a means of transportation, and its expansion north, in the late 1880s.</p><br>
<p>Dularcha Railway Tunnel is significant for its association with the gazettal of the Dularcha National Park in 1922. The boundaries of the Park were created around the railway line enabling steam train travelling passengers to view a part of Queensland&#39;s forests.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The Dularcha Railway Tunnel is significant as one of only two tunnels constructed along the entire North Coast Line and is good example of a concrete lined tunnel constructed for Queensland&#39;s narrow-gauge railway lines.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The Dularcha Railway Tunnel is significant as one of only two tunnels constructed along the entire North Coast Line and is good example of a concrete lined tunnel constructed for Queensland&#39;s narrow-gauge railway lines.</p><br>
<p>Moreton Central Sugar Mill Worker&#39;s Housing is a heritage-listed group of houses at 17 & 19 Mill Street, and 14 & 16 Bury Street, Nambour, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 16 May 2008.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The two timber cottages at 17 and 19 Mill Street, built sometime between 1897 and 1917, and the timber house with its extensive garden and mature trees on Bury Street, built between 1907 and 1911, provide rare surviving evidence of the sugar industry that powered the economy of Nambour and the Maroochy Shire from 1897 to 2003. The cottages on Mill Street are the former residences of senior staff of the Moreton Central Sugar Mill Company, and the house on Bury Street was formerly the residence of the mill&#39;s manager.</p><br>
<p>Although timber was a vital part of the early economy of the Sunshine Coast region, sugar eventually became the primary agricultural activity of the Maroochy Shire. However, efforts to grow sugar cane in the area were isolated and sporadic between 1865 and 1880. In 1880 sugar prices rose and this, along with speculation about a future North Coast railway line between Brisbane and Gympie, encouraged further selection and small scale sugar growing in Maroochy.</p><br>
<p>The best hope for cane growers in the Maroochy Shire was the establishment of a central sugar mill. Although the first half of the 1880s was a golden era for those Queensland sugar producers who operated by the plantation system, under which large areas of sugar cane were worked by South Sea Islander labourers, Queensland Premier Samuel Griffith sought to promote closer settlement via small-scale cane farming by white settlers. Small sugar mills on individual plantations would be superseded by a series of large central mills, each processing the sugar cane of a group of small farmers.</p><br>
<p>Queenslands first central mill opened at North Eton near Mackay in 1888, and in 1893 the Sugar Works Guarantee Act provided for government loans to local companies to build central mills, secured by mortgages over the lands of their shareholders (the cane farmers). Fifteen year loans would be made to incorporated companies where there was enough suitable land, already farmed by small canegrowers, to supply a mill. The companys freehold land (the mill site) would also be mortgaged to the government, and all building contracts would have to be approved by the Department of Public Works.</p><br>
<p>The Maroochy region was well suited for a central mill site as it was a region of small farms. By the mid 1880s there were 116 people employed in mixed farming, 70 in sugar, 52 in timber, and only 15 in grazing. The Maroochy Shire developed into Queensland&#39;s largest fruit growing area between the 1880s and 1915, with bananas being grown from the 1880s, and pineapples from the 1890s. Dairy farming would also play an important part in the local economy from the 1890s. However, after the early 1890s Depression, and the 1893 floods, many farmers were considering quitting the area, and sugar offered an alternative source of income to mixed food crops.</p><br>
<p>In early 1894 some farmers met at Rosemount School on Petrie Creek, to discuss a central sugar mill. A committee was formed and applied to have land in the area assessed by the government for its viability, and similar applications were made by farmers at Dulong and Yandina. In mid-1894 R.W. McCulloch, from the Department of Agriculture, assessed the potential sugar-growing land in the district, and concluded that there was sufficient acreage to support a mill. McCulloch also believed that Nambour would be the best site for a central mill, with its site on the railway, and cane-growing land to its east and west.</p><br>
<p>The town of Nambour had begun with the building of a hotel by Mathew Carroll in the 1880s, and had developed in anticipation of the arrival of the North Coast Railway. After the Brisbane to Yandina section of the railway opened in January 1891, the town of Petrie&#39;s Creek (formed by the subdivision of freehold land, rather than by Lands Department survey) was renamed Nambour. Sugar became the sole crop of most farms in the Nambour district, and the mill ensured that Nambour became the commercial centre of the Shire.</p><br>
<p>The Moreton Central Sugar Mill Company was registered on 21 December 1894, the first meeting of the mills Board of Directors took place in January 1895, and tenders for the mill were called in February. In December 1895 eight acres 1 rood and 24.9 perches of Lawrence Cusacks estate, being liquidated by the South Australian Land Mortgage and Agency Company, was transferred to the company at the site of the future mill and its housing. By this time the population of Nambour was about 150 people. During 1896 the mill was constructed, and a low dam wall was built at a waterhole on Petrie Creek, with a pump mounted on the bank to supply water to the mill. The first season&#39;s crush took place in 1897, when 752 tons of sugar was produced from 7553 tons of sugar cane. Pipes from the dam to the mill had been laid under the railway tracks that year, with the water being pumped into elevated tanks at the mill. To increase the volume of water, a series of sandbag weirs were also built across the creek.</p><br>
<p>The mills finances were not in good shape in its early years, due to problems with maintaining a steady supply of sugar cane to the mill. Firstly, these problems were linked to the tramway system, and a tendency to prioritise the building of tramline routes on the basis of the self-interest of the mill directors, rather than the most cost- effective ratio of tramline mileage to acreage of sugar cane accessed. Speed of delivery was another issue. Until the purchase of a Krauss engine in 1904, the cane trucks were towed by horses, due to the governments reluctance to authorise the purchase of locomotives. The Federation drought which culminated in 1902 also reduced the supply of cane available for crushing.</p><br>
<p>In 1899 the government took over the mills management and its financial liabilities, at the suggestion of the mills directors, but by 1904 the mill was still a "non-earning enterprise", unable to repay its government loan. Rather than foreclose on the mill, the State Treasurer took over the companys affairs and worked on increasing the supply of cane to the mill. In 1906, to forestall foreclosure, money was borrowed from the London Bank of Australia to pay off the government, with the growers land once more used as security. In January 1907, the Moreton Central Sugar Mill Company was handed back as a private enterprise.</p><br>
<p>The London Bank was paid off by 1914, due to the sale of the mill&#39;s western tramline to the Maroochy Shire Council after cold weather had convinced cane farmers to the west of Nambour to convert to dairy farming. Experiments in 1909 by the Moreton mill had shown that cane tramlines could be used for public transport, and the Shire Council extended the two foot gauge tramline to Mapleton in 1914.</p><br>
<p>From this time forward the mills fortunes improved. In 1915 the Sugar Cane Prices Act, and the Commonwealth War Precautions Act effectively nationalised the sugar industry, and the 1923 Commonwealth-State sugar agreement guaranteed a market for sugar. There were bumper sugar crops in Maroochy in 1924 and 1925, and the mill was expanded and electrified in the mid 1920s. Around 1934 to 1935 a weir was built on Petrie Creek, and in 1935 a new 20,000 gallon tank was built in the mill yard. The sewer that was constructed for the Nambour CBD in 1912 was flushed out daily with 500 gallons of water from the mills tanks, through a filter bed of sand and ashes, and water was supplied to both hotels in Nambour by 1937. From 1962 the water supply of the town was supplemented from Wappa Dam. In 1969 the level of weir was raised 300 mm, and in the 1980s the weir wall was again raised.</p><br>
<p>Soil erosion had pushed sugar off the Blackall Range by the early 1950s, but sugar boomed in this period. By the 1970s sugar was Maroochys biggest industry, and the mill was purchased by Howard Smith in 1976. Depression hit the sugar industry in 1984, thanks to competition from European beet sugar, and by 1985 tourism had overtaken sugar as Maroochys largest industry. In addition, between 1980 and 2003 more than 1000 hectares of sugar land in the Maroochy Shire was lost to urban development and other uses. The mill was sold to Bundaberg Sugar in 1987, which was taken over by the British company Tate and Lyle in 1991. The Belgian company Finasucre acquired the mill in 2000, and it was closed in December 2003, after over 100 years of operation. Although the mill was demolished in 2004, tram tracks along Mill Street and Howard Street, the staff houses next to the mill site, and the weir on Petrie Creek still exist as reminders of the industry that was once the economic lifeblood of Nambour and the Maroochy Shire.</p><br>
<p>From the outset of the Central Mill system, it was usual for the company to provide accommodation for senior staff and for some mill workers, since many mills were in isolated areas or in new towns that were short of accommodation. At a meeting of the mill directors on 14 May 1897 it was proposed that tenders be called for two buildings to accommodate senior mill staff - the manager (1896 to 1900), John A Malcolm, and the secretary (1896 to 1904), John R Isgar. The houses were to comprise four rooms, with a hipped roof, the two front rooms of each to be ceiled, with studds (sic) outside. Their size would be 7.8 x, with 1.8 m front verandahs. They were to have an iron chimney, and an iron roof, and would be built with hoop pine boards. A tender was also called for bachelors&#39; quarters, sized 12 x. At the meeting of directors on 11 June 1897 the tender of Thomas Cusack for the cottages was accepted, at £125.18 shillings each, with six weeks to complete the contract.</p><br>
<p>It has been claimed that the two dwellings at 17 and 19 Mill Street are the cottages constructed for the manager and secretary in 1897, but there is insufficient evidence to substantiate this claim. Cusack was contracted to build two identical structures, and although the two Mill Street cottages were originally similar in size and plan, with four room cores and L-shaped verandahs, they may have been built as late as 1917. By 1926 a line of staff residences faced Mill Street.</p><br>
<p>Documentary evidence indicates that the chief engineer from 1911 to 1913, Sam Baildon, was refused a company house in 1912, which means that there was no dedicated chief engineers cottage before that time. However, in 1914 Samuel Glass, cane inspector, was living in a cottage of four rooms and a kitchen in Mill Street, and in 1917 Albert Shearer, a locomotive driver, requested a company house, and a cottage was erected for him "to the same plans as the chief engineers cottage". In addition two residences were moved to Mill Street, from close to the mill, during the 1925 and 1926 mill expansion. In 1926 the cottages in Mill Street used by the chief engineer, secretary, and second engineer were extended and painted. In 2003 one of the authors of the book Moreton Sugar Mill: Sweet Heart of Nambour stated that 17 Mill Street was the chief engineers cottage (pre-1915), that 19 Mill Street was the cane inspectors cottage (1914), and that a house at 21 Mill Street (demolished some time after 1966) had been the chemist&#39;s cottage (1917).</p><br>
<p>Regardless of the actual build dates of the surviving two cottages, and which staff member lived in them at any particular time, it is clear that they are surviving examples of the houses erected for senior staff by the Moreton Central Sugar Mill Company between 1897 and the late 1930s. The Mill Street cottages stand on part of the Moreton Central Sugar Mills original 1895 land purchase, and although they have been extended and modified since their construction they have been an integral part of the mill site and the mills operations.</p><br>
<p>The cottage at 19 Mill Street was constructed as a modest timber cottage of a lesser scale than the manager&#39;s residence in Bury Street. Changes have been made, but the original form and planning are evident. It was originally of single skin construction, with 200mm horizontal cladding and hardwood external studs. It had three bedrooms, a dining room, hallway, and verandahs to the front, west and part of the rear. Additions and changes have included weatherboard cladding to most of the exterior, enclosure of the western and rear verandah, and removal of internal walls to the dining room and the wall between the dining room and the back verandah. Internal walls and ceilings have been lined, and some doors have been removed. A kitchen wing was added, possibly in the 1920s. There has been a bathroom addition to the southern end of the western verandah, and aluminium framed windows have been added throughout.</p><br>
<p>The cottage at 17 Mill Street was constructed as a modest timber cottage, with a timber frame and using 100mm vertical tongue and groove boarding and hardwood weatherboards. Changes have been made but the original form and planning are evident. Changes include enclosure of the eastern verandah, and extensions to the rear for a kitchen and bathroom post-1925.</p><br>
<p>The residence on Bury Street was the second manager&#39;s residence built by the company. Evidence suggests that it was built between 1907 and 1911. After John Malcolm, mill managers had included Drummond McPherson (1900 to 1902), John Lunn (1902 to 1904) and RW McCulloch (several months in 1904). Wilfred Desplace was manager from May 1904 to 1907, when he was replaced by William Lyle, for whom a cottage with "two rooms and a verandah" was erected. This may refer to the house on Bury Street, although it originally comprised a core of four to five rooms. James Edwards was appointed mill secretary in 1907, and he moved into the cottage that had been built for the manager before the government takeover.</p><br>
<p>In 1908 Walter Lanham constructed £44 worth of alterations and additions to the managers cottage, and this may refer to the kitchen wing to the rear of the Bury Street house. In 1912 George Greathead moved into the managers residence, which had been occupied by Edwards during 1911. Greathead was employed by the company as a chemist from 1909, and after acting as combined chemist and manager in 1911 he became the general manager of the mill in 1912, holding this position until 1932. When Greathead moved into the Bury Street house Edwards moved back into the 1897 managers cottage, which had become known as the secretarys cottage. Edwards soon resigned and was replaced by George F. Scott, who was the mill&#39;s secretary between 1912 and 1940.</p><br>
<p>A photograph taken from the street in 1914 shows the original house and its southern and eastern verandahs, and view from the mills chimney in 1925 shows the kitchen extension on the northwest corner of the house. A tennis court also existed in the garden between the house and the mill, as George Greathead was fond of tennis. During World War II the tennis court was excavated to build an air raid shelter. After Arthur Thorp became the manager in 1937, he commissioned repairs and alterations that transformed the managers house in a "very nice home". This work included relining and remodelling the main rooms; realigning some internal walls, including infilling of one set of French doors to the verandah; replacement of the French doors; and removing part of the rear verandah and replacing it with a sunroom on the northeast corner. The front steps were relocated to the southwest corner, and given a gable entrance. During the 1950s and 1960s the eastern verandah and part of western verandah were enclosed, and in the 1990s the bathroom and kitchen were refurbished, an en-suite was built on the eastern verandah, part of sunroom was relined, and the balustrade on the southern and western side was repaired. During Thorp&#39;s tenure, the house became known as "Moreton House". Mill managers continued to use the house until the mill closed in 2003.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The former Moreton Central Mill staff houses stand immediately east of the former mill site on elevated ground at the western ends of Mill and Bury Streets, Nambour. The mill managers residence stands on sloping ground on Bury Street and the two staff cottages stand on level ground on Mill Street directly north of the managers residence.</p><br>
<h3>Former mill manager's residence</h3><br>
<p>The planning and exterior and interior fabric show the extent of the early house and reflect changes made, particularly those of the 1930s and more recently.</p><br>
<p>The form of the early rectangular-plan house and projecting rectangular kitchen wing is evident in the external walls and the verandahs to the west, south and east and sunroom to the north. The house is timber-framed, clad with tongue and groove boards to the south and fibrous cement sheeting to the enclosed east and west verandahs. The kitchen wing, projecting to the north, is clad with weatherboards and has a later small skillion extension and back stairs to the east. The early house is sheltered by hipped roofs clad with corrugated metal sheeting and stands on a combination of concrete and steel post stumps infilled with timber palings. A chamferboard-clad rectangular extension to the north incorporates the earlier north verandah, is sheltered by a gabled roof and has banks of obscure clear and coloured glass casement windows to the east and north sides. Concrete block walls enclose a subfloor area at the northeast corner.</p><br>
<p>At the front of the house a projecting gable entrance to the west end opens onto the front verandah. The south wall onto the front verandah is of post and rail construction with a single-skin of vertical tongue and groove timber boards. A door from the enclosed west verandah, a central entrance door and two sets of french doors from the bedrooms open onto the front verandah. An opening for earlier french doors east of the central entrance doorway is infilled with vertical timber boards.</p><br>
<p>The central entrance door opens into a large living room off which the main bedroom opens to the west, a smaller bedroom to the east and sunroom extension to the north. The kitchen is at the northwest corner of the house opening off the sunroom. Enclosed with fibrous cement sheeting, the verandahs to the west and east accommodate a study and laundry to the west and an ensuite bathroom and part of a bedroom to the east.</p><br>
<p>There is a range of wall and ceiling treatments, floor coverings and joinery through the house. Reflecting a typical 1930s interior treatment, the walls and ceilings of the living room, main bedroom and parts of the smaller bedrooms to the east are lined with battened fibrous cement sheeting. A simple arch springing from tapered narrow posts divides the living room. These rooms have doors and architraves typical of the 1930s. Dividing partitions and linings in the sunroom and the fitout to the kitchen and bathrooms are recent. Other walls and ceilings are lined with fibrous cement sheeting. Floors are carpeted throughout except for tiles to bathrooms, kitchen and laundry.</p><br>
<p>The house stands in a large garden with a number of mature trees and shrubs and plantings within concrete-edged garden beds. The earlier tennis court is evident as a raised area to the west side. A hillshoist stands to the north east. Three concrete steps cut into the grassed footpath to Bury Street lead to a decorative metal entrance gate that is framed by two tall shaped timber posts. A timber side gate within the west side fence opens to the former mill site and a decorative metal gate opens to the easement and cottages to the north. Timber fences and hedges run around the boundaries.</p><br>
<h3>Cottage No. 1: 19 Mill Street</h3><br>
<p>The planning and exterior and interior fabric show the extent of the early cottage and reflect changes made over time, some more recently.</p><br>
<p>Standing on low steel posts, the cottage at 19 Mill Street is timber framed, clad with weatherboards and sheltered by a pyramid roof clad with corrugated metal sheeting. The cottage has a partly open front verandah to Mill Street and a hipped roof kitchen wing extension to the rear southeast corner. The north wall onto the verandah has exposed timber studs with a single skin of horizontal chamferboards. Elsewhere the cottage is clad with weatherboards except the north end of the enclosed western verandah, which is clad with a battened fibrous cement sheeting.</p><br>
<p>The plan works off a central corridor from the front entrance to the living room which incorporates the enclosed rear verandah. Bedrooms open off the corridor and living room. A front room to the west of the corridor opens onto the living room. An early window frame and sill opens from the front room to the west verandah. The verandah side of this wall is lined with battened fibrous cement sheeting. The kitchen wing has a contemporary fitout. Other interiors are lined with fibrous cement sheeting. Joinery and aluminium sliding windows are recent as are the front and rear timber steps, the skillion roof to the south and the balustrading to the front verandah.</p><br>
<p>The cottage stands in a small garden with grassed areas, garden beds, trees and shrubs. A set of concrete steps cut into a high retaining wall to Mill Street climb to a concrete path leading to the front entrance. The property is bounded front and back with a hollow metal pipe and chain wire fence.</p><br>
<h3>Cottage No. 2: 17 Mill Street</h3><br>
<p>The planning and exterior and interior fabric show the extent of the early cottage and reflect changes made over time.</p><br>
<p>Lowset on concrete and brick stumps, the 17 Mill Street cottage is timber-framed and clad with weatherboards. The main part of the cottage is sheltered by a pyramid roof truncated on the west side and clad with corrugated metal sheeting. There are two hipped roof extensions to the south.</p><br>
<p>A steep flight of concrete steps cut into the retaining wall to Mill Street alight onto a concrete path that finishes at a set of low timber steps to the open front verandah. The verandah balustrade is infilled with weatherboards and the floorboards are painted. Notches for mortise and tenon joints to the verandah posts may indicate the location of earlier balustrading. The front entrance door opens from the verandah into a central living area which is divided by a partition lined with vertical timber boards.</p><br>
<p>The plan works off the central living area which flows through to the southern extensions which accommodate dining, kitchen, laundry and bathroom. The north part of the living space opens through two sets of french doors onto an enclosed east verandah and through four-panelled timber doors to each of two bedrooms to the west. The walls and partitions to the north part of the living area and partitions to the bedrooms are of single skin post and rail construction with vertical tongue and groove timber boards. The west wall of bedroom two and part of bedroom one are lined with horizontal boards. A notch in the rail on the east side of bedroom one and the horizontal lining to the west may indicate the location of a previous partition. The ceilings of the bedrooms and living room are lined with narrow timber boards and have timber-framed sash windows with obscure patterned glazing. The partitions to the dining room and the kitchen and the east side of the south end of the living room are lined with vertical timber boards. The other partitions are lined with fibrous cement sheeting. The ceilings to these areas are lined with timber boards.</p><br>
<p>The east verandah is lined with fibrous cement sheeting and has a sloping painted timber floor. The bathroom and kitchen have contemporary fitouts. There is a single skin exposed stud framed partition between the laundry and kitchen. The rear door from the laundry opens onto a painted concrete ramp which descends to a concrete slab and shed to the southwest.</p><br>
<p>There is a range of joinery through the cottage, some typical of a 1930s idiom and others more recent. Floors are covered with carpet or vinyl.</p><br>
<p>The garden has grassed areas, garden beds, trees and shrubs. A hillshoist stands in the southeast corner.</p><br>
<h3>Walkway between cottages</h3><br>
<p>A narrow walkway runs between the cottages. A timber and chainwire fence runs to each side of a concrete path and there are metal gates to the north and south entrances.</p><br>
<h3>Assorted sheds</h3><br>
<p>There are a number of timber and corrugated iron sheds scattered across the cottage sites.</p><br>
<h3>Easement</h3><br>
<p>A vehicle easement runs to the west of the manager&#39;s house and turns east terminating at the rear of the cottage at 17 Mill Street.</p><br>
<h3>Retaining wall</h3><br>
<p>A high, battered rock and concrete retaining wall runs along the front of the two cottages to Mill Street. Three sets of steep concrete steps run within the wall accessing each cottage and the walkway between them.</p><br>
<h3>Signal</h3><br>
<p>A metal pole with signals and two signs CANE TRAIN MOVING is bolted to the footpath at the northeast end of 17 Mill Street.</p><br>
<h3>Moreton Central Sugar Mill Cane Tramway</h3><br>
<p>Part of the Nambour section of the Moreton Central Sugar Mill Cane Tramway runs along Mill Street in front of the cottages at 17 and 19 Mill Street.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The former Moreton Central Sugar Mill Worker&#39;s Housing was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 16 May 2008 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>As rare surviving evidence of the Moreton Central Sugar Mill, the mill staff housing is important in illustrating the development of the sugar industry in Queensland, and the impact of the sugar industry on the settlement of the North Coast region. The sugar industry influenced the pattern of growth of Nambour as a prominent mill town and regional centre, and influenced the pattern of settlement of the associated farms and townships of the region during the twentieth century.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The sugar industry was an important and vital part of the economy of the region and very little physical evidence survives of the industry particularly the mill and its associated infrastructure. The mill staff housing is rare surviving evidence of the sugar industry in the region illustrating a way of life that was once common but has now vanished.</p><br>
<p>It is known that Moreton Central Sugar Mill constructed a number of staff houses and a bachelors&#39; quarters. These three surviving dwellings remain as the only evidence of staff housing purpose-built by the Moreton Central Sugar Mill within the mill precinct.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>As a group the houses are good examples of purpose-built staff accommodation. The houses demonstrate the practice common to a number of industries of providing housing to encourage workers to an area especially in isolated areas or new towns where accommodation is not readily available. Provision of accommodation for senior staff and some of the mill workers was the usual practice for the company or co-operative within the central mill system in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>In form and setting, the houses illustrate the practice of providing a hierarchy of size and amenity in housing corresponding with seniority within the company, e.g. the manager&#39;s residence is more substantial and set in a larger garden reflecting its function as accommodation for the manager in comparison to the cottages which were for less senior staff. In their close proximity to the mill site, the houses illustrate the practice of constructing staff accommodation close to the mill or place of work or within an associated precinct.</p><br>
<p>Moreton Central Sugar Mill Cane Tramway is a heritage-listed tramway at Mill Street, Currie Street, and Howard Street, in Nambour, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Moreton Central Sugar Mill opened for crushing in 1897. The tramway network that connected the mill with cane farms developed over many years and was in use until late 2003. It was a key factor in the success of the mill and the development of Nambour.</p><br>
<p>Sugar cane was first brought to Australia in 1788, but subsequent plantings at Sydney, Port Macquarie and Norfolk Island failed to be commercially viable. Captain Louis Hope grew a cane crop successfully in Queensland in 1862. By 1864 the first commercial sugar mill in Australia had been established by him at Ormiston and interest in growing sugar cane spread rapidly, encouraged by the Queensland Government. By 1867 an estimated 2000 acres were under cane in the Brisbane area and by the end of the decade, cane had also been successfully established further north at Maryborough, Mackay and Bundaberg, where the warmer climate proved more suitable.</p><br>
<p>William Clark had experimented with sugar cane growing at Bli Bli in the 1860s, but in 1869 a group of Quakers took up land near the junction of the Mooloolah River and Sippy Creek, planted sugar cane and erected a crushing mill. This project was abandoned after severe flooding in the 1870s, but cane was grown successfully in other parts of the district including Buderim, where in 1876 Joseph Chapman Dixon, one of the Mooloolah growers, established a mill in order to process his own cane and that of neighbouring farms.</p><br>
<p>In 1881 the Buderim Mountain Sugar Mill was established and also served many small farms, but both mills had failed by the end of the decade. In 1893 the Sugar Works Guarantee Act was passed. This provided capital for the erection of central sugar mills in districts with many small farms by offering loans to incorporated companies, so that growers could develop their own mills. The Moreton Central Sugar Mill Company was formed in December 1894. Land bounded by the North Coast railway line on the west and Gympie Road on the east was purchased for a mill site at the small settlement of Nambour. Erection of a mill by Caskie and Thompson began in late 1895.</p><br>
<p>In order for the mill to be successful, it was essential to establish an efficient means for bringing the harvested cane in from surrounding farms to be crushed. Tramway networks carrying wagons drawn by steam locomotives had been used effectively in other Queensland sugar districts since the 1880s, so possible routes for a tramway network were surveyed as part of the planning for the Moreton Mill. A two-foot (610mm) gauge was chosen for the sake of economy, speed not being an important factor in the running of the tramway, though the wagons were at first pulled by horses. In 1897 the first tramlines were constructed east to Perrin&#39;s Barn and west to the foot of the Perwillowen Range and the first harvest was crushed at the mill.</p><br>
<p>Establishing tramways proved expensive due the nature of the terrain and there were consequent difficulties with the supply of cane to the mill, though by 1905, there were 26 miles of permanent tramline in use. As mortgagee, the Queensland government took over the running of the mill between 1904 and 1907. The first locomotive, a Krauss 0-6-0 tank locomotive, was purchased in 1905 although horses were still used to deliver cane to the end of the western line and over a tramline which ran over the Rosemount Range and connected with the Petrie Creek line to the east of the mill. In 1911 a branch line was constructed to the Maroochy River and although the eastern section of the tramway network continued to be extended, lines on the western side were sold to Maroochy Shire in 1914. Some branch lines were dismantled and the line extended to Mapleton. The council operated this line for 30 years, before it was reacquired in 1945 by the Mill and reduced back to the foot of the range before being closed in 1970.</p><br>
<p>Two short sections of line to the north were built, but a shortage of steel and labour during and after WWI caused problems with expansion. Much of the line was temporary, being laid down for the crushing season. In 1917 a lift up bridge was constructed over Petrie Creek and in 1921 a second such bridge over the Maroochy River linking the northern cane growing areas to the tramway system. It was extended to connect with an isolated line built in 1922 between Coolum Creek and Coolum Beach. This line officially opened in 1923, though it had been in use for some time before this and was also used for the transport of passengers.</p><br>
<p>Although there had been a wharf there since 1911, the road to Coolum was poor and often boggy, making the place hard to access. The tramway terminus at the mill in Nambour was very close to the train station and passengers from Brisbane could use the tramway to either link with the launch to Maroochydore or to travel to Coolum. The mill fitted up the cane wagons with back-to-back seats and timed the movement of trams to fit in with train timetables. This service was very popular and played an important role in the development of Coolum as a seaside resort. In 1927 the Main Roads Department built a more serviceable road and the tramway passenger service continued to run to Deepwater until 1927 and to Coolum until 1935 when a bus service was provided.</p><br>
<p>Work on the mill and the tramway network continued through the 1930s, though during World War II operations at the mill fell because shipping was disrupted and there were labour shortages. After the war, the tramlines west of Nambour, bought by Maroochy Shire in 1914, ceased running and the mill purchased the line and locos. In 1951-2 an extensive program of repairs and line relaying was carried out. In 1961 diesel locomotives were purchased which necessitated strengthening bridges and laying heavier rail along the tramways.</p><br>
<p>Until 2003, when the mill closed, during the harvesting season, wire cane bins were towed through Nambour, entering the mill via a gate on Mill Street after passing in front of the cane inspectors and engineers cottages. These bins entered the "full yard" from where they were progressed by hydraulic pushers into a tippler machine to discharge their cargo before returning to the fields.</p><br>
<p>In 1976 the mill was taken over by Howard Smith and major upgrades were carried out. In 1987, Howard Smith decided to return to its core business and the mill was sold to Bundaberg Sugar who was expanding by buying more mills. In 1989 the rail line to CSR in Brisbane closed at the Brisbane end and so road transport to the refinery was used. However, the trams continued to transport cane from farms to the mill.</p><br>
<p>The name of the company was changed to the Moreton Sugar Company Limited in 1991 and. the British company of Tate and Lyle acquired the mill as a wholly owned subsidiary when it took over Bundaberg Sugar in 1991. The plant and tramways were overhauled in 1997. Bundaberg Sugar, including seven mills, was sold to the Belgian company Finasucre in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Between 1980 and 2003 more than 1,000 hectares of cane land in Maroochy Shire were lost to urban development and other uses. This meant that some cane was being brought to the mill from 60 or 70 kilometres away. As it is very important that cane is crushed soon after harvesting to maintain its sugar content, this had an adverse effect on the functioning of the mill. The price of sugar also fell and a crisis was reached in 2002. It was decided that Moreton Mill would close and its last crush took place on 3 December 2003. The majority of tramline was removed by Bundaberg Sugar as part of an agreement with landowners from whom the tramline corridor was leased. The section of line covered by this entry represents its use as a transport system for both cane and passengers and as an unusual feature of the Nambour for which the town is well known.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The cane tramway is laid directly into the centre of the roadway and runs through the central business district of Nambour. It is of a 2-foot (610 mm) gauge and travels between the road reserve in front of the former mill site in Mill Street, across the Currie Street intersection and down Howard Street to the marshalling yards.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Nambour Section of the Moreton Central Sugar Mill Cane Tramway was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Moreton Central Sugar Mill operated between 1897 and December 2003. During the 20th century, sugar growing was the most important primary industry in the Maroochy district. It was a key factor in the development of Nambour and the Maroochy Shire and important in the growth of the sugar industry in Queensland. The cane tramway, which brought cane from many farms to the mill for crushing, was an essential part of the operation of the mill. The line between Nambour and Coolum was also used for passengers in the 1920s and 30s and was instrumental in the development of the tourist industry in the area, by linking the QR station next to the Nambour mill with resort areas at Coolum and Maroochydore.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Although it is very uncommon for a cane tramway to pass through the centre of a town, as the line at Nambour does, the line otherwise demonstrates the features of its type well, being a narrow gauge (2 foot or 610mm) track laid without formation and links the site of the mill to the marshalling yards from where it fanned out in many separate lines forming a large network across farms, roadways and over the Maroochy River.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Although it is very uncommon for a cane tramway to pass through the centre of a town, as the line at Nambour does, the line otherwise demonstrates the features of its type well, being a narrow gauge (2 foot or 610mm) track laid without formation and links the site of the mill to the marshalling yards from where it fanned out in many separate lines forming a large network across farms, roadways and over the Maroochy River.</p><br>
<p>The place has a strong or special association with a particular community or cultural group for social, cultural or spiritual reasons.</p><br>
<p>The section of the tramway that passes through the town is an important characteristic of Nambour. Laden cane trains travelling between Nambour&#39;s shops and commercial buildings featured on many post card views of the town; the sight was popular with tourists and was a part of annual cane harvest festivals until very recently.</p><br>
<p>The Tramway Lift Bridge over Maroochy River is a heritage-listed railway bridge at Store Road, Nambour, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1921. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Moreton Central Sugar Mill opened for crushing in 1897. The lift bridge was part of the Moreton Central Sugar Mill Cane Tramway that connected the mill with cane farms, which developed over many years and was in use until late 2003. It was a key factor in the success of the mill and the development of Nambour.</p><br>
<p>Sugar cane was first brought to Australia in 1788 but subsequent plantings at Sydney, Port Macquarie and Norfolk Island failed to be commercially viable. Captain Louis Hope grew a cane crop successfully in Queensland in 1862. By 1864 the first commercial sugar mill in Australia had been established by him at Ormiston and interest in growing sugar cane spread rapidly, encouraged by the Queensland Government. By 1867 an estimated 2000 acres were under cane in the Brisbane area and by the end of the decade, cane had also been successfully established further north at Maryborough, Mackay and Bundaberg, where the warmer climate proved more suitable.</p><br>
<p>William Clark had experimented with sugar cane growing at Bli Bli in the 1860s, but in 1869 a group of Quakers took up land near the junction of the Mooloolah River and Sippy Creek, planted sugar cane and erected a crushing mill. This project was abandoned after severe flooding in the 1870s, but cane was grown successfully in other parts of the district including Buderim, where in 1876 Joseph Chapman Dixon, one of the Mooloolah growers, established a mill in order to process his own cane and that of neighbouring farms.</p><br>
<p>In 1881 the Buderim Mountain Sugar Mill was established and also served many small farms, but both mills had failed by the end of the decade. In 1893 the Sugar Works Guarantee Act was passed. This provided capital for the erection of central sugar mills in districts with many small farms by offering loans to incorporated companies, so that growers could develop their own mills. The Moreton Central Sugar Mill Company was formed in December 1894. Land bounded by the North Coast railway line on the west and Gympie Road on the east was purchased for a mill site at the small settlement of Nambour and the erection of a mill by Caskie and Thompson began in late 1895.</p><br>
<p>In order for the mill to be successful, it was essential to establish an efficient means for bringing the cane harvest in from surrounding farms to be crushed. Tramway networks carrying wagons drawn by steam locomotives had been used effectively in other Queensland sugar districts since the 1880s, so possible routes for a tramway network were surveyed as part of the planning for the Moreton Mill. A two-foot (610mm) gauge was chosen for the sake of economy, speed not being an important factor in the running of the tramway, though the wagons were at first pulled by horses. In 1897 the first tramlines were constructed and the first harvest was crushed at the mill.</p><br>
<p>Extending the tramway network proved expensive due the nature of the terrain and there were consequent difficulties with the supply of cane to the mill, though by 1905, when the first locomotive, a Krauss 0-6-0 tank locomotive, was purchased, there were 26 miles of permanent tramline in use. In 1911 a branch line was constructed to the Maroochy River and although the eastern section of the tramway network continued to be extended, lines on the western side were sold to Maroochy Shire in 1914.</p><br>
<p>Two short sections of line on the north side were laid, but a shortage of steel and labour during and after WWI delayed further work. Much of the line was temporary, being laid down for the crushing season. In 1917 a lift up bridge was constructed over Petrie Creek. In 1920, the mill board sought permission from the state government to bridge the Maroochy River and this was granted on 10 May 1920. The new bridge was also a lift bridge and was completed by August 1921.</p><br>
<p>The lift mechanism was necessary as the bridge carried tramline, which had to be level with the land on either side of the river. This made the bridge too low to allow boats to use the waterway. This problem had been addressed since the early nineteenth century by providing bridges with a moveable section. Moveable bridges fall into three types; the bascule bridge, in which two sections hinge upwards, the swing bridge in which a span rotates away from the river, and the lift bridge. In this type, the moveable span is located between two towers and can be raised vertically by means of a system of cable, pulleys and counterweights. The span remains horizontal when lifted, so that river traffic can pass beneath. In larger bridges, engines control the span&#39;s movement, though the Maroochy bridge is hand operated. Lift bridges generally are now an uncommon type and this is believed to be the only remaining example of a tramway bridge with a lift span in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The moveable span on the Maroochy bridge lifts to a height of 26 feet (7.92 metres) providing a space 17 feet six inches (5.33 metres) above the high water mark for boats to pass through. This bridge linked the northern cane growing areas to the tramway system. It was extended to connect with an isolated line built in 1922 between Coolum Creek and Coolum Beach. This line officially opened in 1923, though it had been in use for some time before this and was also used for the transport of passengers.</p><br>
<p>Although there had been a wharf there since 1911, the road to Coolum was poor and often boggy, making the place hard to access. The tramway terminus at the mill in Nambour was close to the train station and passengers from Brisbane could use the tramway to either link with the launch to Maroochydore or to travel to Coolum. The mill fitted up the cane wagons with back-to-back seats and timed the movement of trams to fit in with train timetables. This service was very popular and played an important role in the development of Coolum as a seaside resort. The first sale of allotments at Coolum took place in December 1922 and over the Christmas-New Year holidays that year over 1000 people travelled by tram between Nambour and Coolum. Holidaymakers, day-trippers from Nambour and from Brisbane and Coolum residents wishing to shop in Nambour used this service. In 1927 the Main Roads Department built a more serviceable road and the tramway passenger service continued to run to Deepwater until 1927 and to Coolum until 1935 when a bus service was provided.</p><br>
<p>Work on the mill and the tramway system continued through the 1930s, though during World War II operations at the mill fell because shipping was disrupted and there were labour shortages. In 1951-2 an extensive program of repairs and line relaying was carried out. In 1956 land at the River Bridge depot was purchased from the Maroochy Co-Operative Society Limited and the store buildings on it sold for removal. A metal shed and annexe were later constructed near the bridge at an unknown date. In 1961 diesel locomotives were purchased which necessitated strengthening bridges and laying heavier rail along the tramways.</p><br>
<p>In 1976 the mill was taken over by Howard Smith Limited, but in 1987, the firm decided to return to its core business and the mill was sold to Bundaberg Sugar, who was expanding by buying more mills. In 1989 the rail line to CSR in Brisbane closed at the Brisbane end and so road transport to the refinery was used. However, the trams continued to transport cane from farms to the mill.</p><br>
<p>The name of the company was changed to the Moreton Sugar Company Limited in 1991 and. the British company of Tate and Lyle acquired the mill as a wholly owned subsidiary when it took over Bundaberg Sugar in 1991. The plant and tramways were overhauled in 1997. Bundaberg Sugar, including seven mills, was sold to the Belgian company Finasucre in 2000.</p><br>
<p>Between 1980 and 2003 more than 1000 hectares of cane land in Maroochy Shire were lost to urban development and other uses. This meant that some cane was being brought to the mill from 60 or 70 kilometres away. As it is very important that cane is crushed soon after harvesting to maintain its sugar content, this had an adverse effect on the functioning of the mill. The price of sugar also fell and a crisis was reached in 2002. It was decided that Moreton Mill would close and its last crush took place on 3 December 2003. The cane tramway network was dismantled and most of the line removed as part of an agreement with landowners.</p><br>
<p>The lift-up bridge over Petrie Creek no longer exists and the Maroochy River bridge is now a very rare example of its type in Queensland and may be the only example surviving.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The tramway lift bridge is a low-level timber bridge that spans the Maroochy River between the former depot near River Store Road on the south bank and Store Road on the north bank. It runs between the banks of the river within formal abutments, though the bank beneath has been reinforced with stones.</p><br>
<p>The bridge is supported on timber piers sheathed in concrete. A span near the southern bank is moveable and is situated between two timber lift towers. The lift span can be raised by hand using a chain harness and a system of cables and pulleys located on the timber lift towers and balanced by concrete counter weights. It carries metal tramway lines of 2-foot (610mm) gauge laid over timber sleepers. Two metal ladders with metal handrails provide access to the top of the lift towers where there is a tubular metal guardrail.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>The Tramway Lift Bridge over Maroochy River was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 7 February 2005 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>The Moreton Central Sugar Mill operated between 1897 and December 2003. During the 20th century, sugar growing was the most important primary industry in the Maroochy district. It was a key factor in the development of Nambour and the Maroochy Shire and important in the growth of the sugar industry in Queensland. The cane tramway, which brought cane from many farms to the mill for crushing, was an essential part of the operation of the mill. The line between Nambour and Coolum was also used for passengers in the 1920s and 30s and was instrumental in the development of the tourist industry in the area, by linking the QR station next to the Nambour mill with resort areas at Coolum and Maroochydore.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>The timber lift bridge that carries the tramway across the Maroochy River is rare and may be the only surviving bridge of its type in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>The bridge, though small in scale, demonstrates the principle and working of a lift bridge well, having a moveable span set between two towers and pulleys and counterweights which raise the span to allow river traffic to pass underneath.</p><br>
<p>Marburg is a historic home located in the Carillon/Byrd Park area of Richmond, Virginia. It is the oldest standing residence in this area of Richmond, predating nearby Maymont by 4 years. The house was slated for demolition in 2013 to make way for 6 new homes but was saved by an ardent group of preservationists and the Historic Richmond Foundation. The redesigned development will now incorporate and encircle the existing house. An exterior restoration was completed in 2015 returning the house to its original colors after being stark white for many years. The barn red roof color was also restored. Two antebellum structures survive on this property: a 2-room servant cottage and a kitchen, both of which pre-date the house itself by over 30 years .</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1889 by Colonel Charles Euker, the house was named after his hometown of Marburg in Hessen, Germany. Euker was a courier for George Washington Custis Lee during the Civil War and later ran a successful saloon and billiard hall in Richmond. He was later Commandant of the Lee Confederate Soldiers Home, now the site of the Virginia Museum of Fine Arts. After Eukers ownership, it passed through a series of prominent Richmond families, largely as a summer residence. While alterations and improvements were made until about 1939, Marburg&#39;s interior has since been unaltered, yielding a time capsule of untouched authenticity.</p><br>
<h2>Architectural Style</h2><br>
<p>Features of Free Classic Queen Anne style architecture and Folk Victorian predominate the structure. Colonial Revival Style entry doors and surrounds were added in a 1939 renovation influenced by the recent Colonial Williamsburg restoration. Other interesting architectural elements abound including false windows, clipped gables, vertical beading, shingle tile siding, dentil mouldings, and functional exterior shutters. One standout feature is the striking Art Deco brick patio which wraps around the front of the home. It was added in the 1920s while the summer home of USA Tobacco Association President Tazewell M. Carrington.</p><br>
<h2>Tenant Farmer Cottage and Kitchen</h2><br>
<p>The land on which Marburg was built was previously part of a larger 90 acre farm called "Beechwood Farm" owned by wealthy merchant Bolling Haxall during the mid-19th century. Haxall did not reside at Beechwood Farm, but instead used it as a tenant farming operation for added income. Maps from the period show several farm structures in the general vicinity of these cottages but all were thought to have been lost over time. Dixon Kerr, a noted window restoration expert who rehabilitated the old windows, discovered they were single hung sashes with mortise and tenon joinery, both of which date to the antebellum period. Gordon Lohr, an architecture expert and past Revolving Fund Manager for the APVA, also reviewed the buildings and found nails, saw marks, hand-made bricks, and roof ridge boards indicative of the 1840s-1850s period. The 2 room cottage with central chimney was, in all likelihood, used for the tenant farmers and their families. The kitchen retains a massive brick fireplace (although the exiting chimney has clearly been replaced as it is not in scale with the fireplace. As the Marburg tract was the first parcel to be sold off from Beechwood Farm in 1888, it was likely chosen to include the cottage and kitchen to reduce building costs.</p><br>
<p>Cannelton Historic District is a national historic district located at Cannelton, Perry County, Indiana. The district encompasses 178 contributing buildings, 42 contributing structures, and 2 contributing objects in the central business district and surrounding residential and industrial areas of Cannelton. The area developed between 1837 and 1936, and includes notable examples of Gothic Revival, Late Victorian, and Bungalow / American Craftsman style architecture. A number of the buildings are constructed of native sandstone. Notable buildings include the Indiana Cotton Mill , St. Michaels Church , F. H. Clemens Store, Cannelton Sewer Pipe Company, Josie Nicolay House, Myers Grade School / The Free School , Jacob Heck Building , Perry County Courthouse , and the separately listed St. Lukes Episcopal Church.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>John&#39;s Cove is located on the Arthur Kill on Elizabeth, New Jersey waterfront facing Howland Hook Marine Terminal in Staten Island, New York.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Johns Cove is located at the northern end the Elizabeth Waterfronts Arthur Kill Greenway which runs from the Elizabeth River north to the Norfolk Southern railyard and Jersey Gardens shopping mall.</p><br>
<p>It is within the Arthur Kill Federal Marine Highway.</p><br>
<p>The cove&#39;s marine life is exposed to dioxins, mercury and other toxins from industrial source point pollution. There is a NJ State Department of Environmental Protection fish/shellfish/blue claw crab warning on all fishing. Fisherpersons are encouraged to catch and release all fish and marine life.</p><br>
<h2>Etymology</h2><br>
<p>John&#39;s Cove was named after Dr. John Dobosiewicz by resolution from the Elizabeth City Council on September 10th 2013. He was the executive director of the School of General Studies at Kean University who died in 2013.</p><br>
<p>Irene Byron Tuberculosis Sanatorium-Physician Residences, also known as the Kidder and Draper-Sherwood Houses, were two historic homes located in Perry Township, Allen County, Indiana. They were designed by noted architect Charles R. Weatherhogg and built in 1934-1935 as housing for the medical director and head staff physician. Weatherhogg had earlier designed the sanatarium complex. The Kidder house was a two-story, Tudor Revival style frame dwelling with brick and stone cladding. The Draper-Sherwood House was a two-story, Colonial Revival style frame dwelling with one-story side wings. Surrounding the houses was a contributing formal landscape design.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004 and delisted in 2013.</p><br>
<p>The Belfast National Bank is a historic commercial building at Main and Beaver Streets in the heart of downtown Belfast, Maine. Built in 1879 and enlarged twelve years later, it is one of the city&#39;s most elaborately decorated buildings, and a local landmark. It was designed by George M. Harding, and was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Belfast National Bank Building stands at the five-way intersection of Main, Beaver, and Church Streets at the historic commercial center of the city. It is set on a triangular lot defined on the north by Main Street and the east by Beaver Street. It is 2-1/2 story brick structure, with mansard roofing along the long sides that meet at a gable-topped single-bay side that faces the intersection. That gable, along with those of the dormers that pierce the roof, feature decorative cresting. The dormer windows have the shape of Gothic lancet points, a detail repeated in a window on the short facade. The ground floor of the building has modern store windows, while the second floor has sash windows with carved lintels above.</p><br>
<p>The building was designed by Portland based architect George M. Harding and built in 1878-79 by Israel Wood Parker of Belfast, when the city was at its height as a shipping and shipbuilding center. This pair also notably collaborated on Belfast&#39;s Masonic Hall, which also faces the same intersection. The building was built for the Belfast National Bank, which had previously occupied leased quarters in another building since 1857.</p><br>
<p>The Moody Homestead is a historic house at 100 Ridge Road in York, Maine. The main house, built in 1790, is attached to an ell that is estimated to date to the late 17th century. The house has been owned by descendants of the locally prominent Moody family since the 1770s. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Moody house is located on the northwest side of Ridge Road in central York, about half way between York Harbor and the Cape Neddick area. Its main block is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, twin interior chimneys, and clapboard siding. To the rear is a 1-1/2 story ell, estimated to date to 1690-1700, which connects the main block to a barn. The main block has typical Georgian features, including a five-bay facade with central entrance. Each gable end has a small projecting vestibule, of which the south-facing one also has an entrance. The interior has a central-hall plan, with two rooms on either side of a generous center hall and stairway.</p><br>
<p>The rear ell of the house was probably built by a member of the Stone family, who sold that house, along with a substantial tract of land, to Joseph Moody. Moody was the grandson of Rev. Samuel Moody of Byfield, Massachusetts, who served as Yorks minister for many years, and whose later descendants include Ralph Waldo Emerson. The younger Moody was also ordained a minister, and was active in civic affairs of the town of York and York County. He had a habit of covering his face with a dark cloth, apparently due to the shame over a hunting accident in which a friend was killed. His habit is said to be the inspiration behind Nathaniel Hawthornes short story, "The Ministers Black Veil". The design of the main house, erected for Moody in 1790, is said to be based on the house of William Dummer in Byfield, which still stands on the grounds of The Governors Academy. At the time of the houses listing on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975, it was still owned by Moodys descendants.</p><br>
<p>The Charles R. Handford House is a historic house in 658 E. Boswell Street in Batesville, Arkansas. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, built in 1888 with elaborate Queen Anne Victorian styling. It has a wraparound porch with delicate turned posts with brackets and a paneled balustrade. Its irregular massing includes a front-facing gable and corner polygonal bay, with bands of decorative scalloped shingles on the sides. The house is a near mirror-image of the James S. Hanford House, located across the street. Built by two brothers, these houses are fine examples of Victorian architecture, important also for their association with the Handfords, who were prominent in the local lumber business.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>The James S. Handford House is a historic house at 659 East Boswell Street in Batesville, Arkansas. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, built in 1888 with elaborate Queen Anne Victorian styling. It has a wraparound porch with delicate turned posts with brackets and a paneled balustrade. Its irregular massing includes a front-facing gable and corner polygonal bay, with bands of decorative scalloped shingles on the sides. The house is a near mirror-image of the Charles R. Hanford House, located across the street. Built by two brothers, these houses are fine examples of Victorian architecture, important also for their association with the Handfords, who were prominent in the local lumber business.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1975.</p><br>
<p>Chowra is an island in the Andaman and Nicobar islands group of India. It is located to the north of Teressa island and to the south of Battimalv Island in the India Ocean. It is also known as Choura, Tatat or Sanenyo.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The island suffered severe damage during the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>The island is generally flat but has a 104.5 m high rocky upland at its southern end. Coral reefs extend about 1.5 miles from the northwestern side of the island.</p><br>
<h2>Demographics</h2><br>
<p>The island has three villages, belonging to 5 clans.</p><br>
<p>Tahaila Beach is located on the east coast, where the jetty is.</p><br>
<p>Northern Agency and Southern Agency are in the middle of the island, and consist of former inhabitants of: Alhiat, Chongkamong, Kuitasuk, Raihion and Tahaila. According to 2011 census, 1270 people lived in the three villages on the island:</p><br>
<p>Tahaila Beach: 10</p><br>
<p>Northern Agency: 517</p><br>
<p>Tahaila: 372</p><br>
<p>Chongkamong: 145</p><br>
<p>Southern Agency: 743</p><br>
<p>Alhiat: 190</p><br>
<p>Kuitasuk: 277</p><br>
<p>Raihion: 276</p><br>
<h2>Administration</h2><br>
<p>The island belongs to the township of Nancowry of Teressa Taluk.</p><br>
<h2>Culture</h2><br>
<p>Chowra island has five clans. Each year, one of the clans organizes a 3-week festival Panuohonot ("pig festival") according to the rotation system. The preparation for the festival lasts several months, and members of the other clans offer some help with the organization. The festival is celebrated in memory of the ancestors, at the onset of north-east winds. The festival features singing and dancing, with a canoe race at the end. At the onset of the south-west winds, Kancheuollo ("chicken festival") is celebrated.</p><br>
<h2>Image gallery</h2><br>
<p>Wellborn, also known as the Dr. Levi Thomas House, is a Greek Revival style residence in Eufaula, Alabama, built for Dr. Thomas Levi Wellborn. The house was built in 1837 on lands that had once belonged to the Creek Confederacy. Wellborn had been wounded in a battle during the Creek War of 1836, and died of the wound in 1841. His family continued to live at the residence.</p><br>
<p>The house is a five-bay two-story frame structure with a large four-columned Doric portico across the middle three bays. The columns are plastered brick. The plan on both levels features a center hall with two rooms on either side.</p><br>
<p>The house was moved from 134 Livingston Avenue to 630 Broad Street.</p><br>
<p>Wellborn was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on July 14, 1971.</p><br>
<p>The Walter Gray House is a historic house in rural southeastern Stone County, Arkansas. It is located on the Melrose Loop, about 0.5 mi south of Arkansas Highway 14 between Locust Grove and Marcella. It is a single-story dogtrot house with an addition to its rear. It is a wood frame structure with weatherboard siding, with a hip-roof porch extending across its front facade, supported by chamfered posts. At its west end is a chimney built out of square pieces of sawn stone, laid to present a veneer-like facade. An L-shaped porch wraps around the rear addition. The house was built in 1910 by Walter Gray, a local farmer, and represents the continued use of this traditional form of architecture into the 20th century.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Chandler House is a historic house in rural northern White County, Arkansas. It is located just north of the junction of Stanley and Honeysuckle Roads, northwest of Bald Knob. It is a two-story wood frame structure, with weatherboard siding and a gable roof. A hip-roofed porch extends around its front to the side, supported by square posts, and a shed-roof addition extends to the rear. The front is symmetrically arranged, three bays wide, with sash windows on either side of the entrance, and a third window in the gable above. The house was built about 1885, and is probably one of the first gable-entry houses to be built in White County, and one of a very few to survive from the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Childers Farmstead is a historic farm property in rural southern White County, Arkansas. It is located south of McRae, near the junction of Bowman and Rip Kirk Roads. The farmstead includes three buildings: the main house, a large barn, and a small "Delco house", originally built to house electricity generation equipment provided by Delco Electronics. The main house is a vernacular single story wood frame structure, with a hip roof and a shed-roof porch extending across its main  facade. That facade is symmetrically arranged, with Craftsman-style windows on either side of the entrance, which is flanked by half-length sidelights. The house was built about 1925, and is an unusual example of a retro version of Greek Revival architecture with Craftsman features.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<p>The Churchill-Hilger House is a historic house at Main and Searcy Street in Pangburn, Arkansas. It is a single-story wood frame structure, basically vernacular in appearance with some Craftsman detailing. It has a hip roof from which hip-roof dormers project, and a recessed L-shaped porch that wraps around the northern  and western facades. The house was built in 1914 for Harry Churchill, one of the leading businessmen responsible for Pangburns economic success in the early 20th century. Churchill arrived in Pangburn in 1899, and built up a lucrative business manufacturing railroad ties, and successfully lobbied for the construction of the railroad through the town. At the time of the houses construction, it was considered somewhat lavish.</p><br>
<p>The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1991.</p><br>
<p>Lone Star Lake is a 185 acre  lake located in Douglas County, in the USA state of Kansas. The lake lies to the southwest of the unincorporated community of Lone Star, Kansas. Lone Star Lake Park surrounds the lake and offers camping, picnic shelters, and a swimming beach. The lake and park are owned and operated by Douglas County.</p><br>
<p>The Civilian Lone Star Lake Park Conservation Corps began construction of the lake in 1934 for the Forestry Fish and Game Commission. Unable to continue financing construction, the Commission transferred the Lone Star Lake Project to Douglas County in 1937. The lake was completed in 1939. The Clean Lakes Act provided for rehabilitation in 1981, including shoreline restoration and improving water quality. The spillway was completely reconstructed beginning in 2000 due to severe erosion.</p><br>
<p>The Orono Main Street Historic District encompasses a well-preserved collection of predominantly residential 19th century buildings in Orono, Maine. It extends along Main Streets west side between Maplewood Avenue and Goodridge Road, and on the east side between Spencer and Pine Streets. The area was part of Oronos early settlement, and of a period of rapid growth in the first half of the 19th century. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The town of Orono was settled in the 1770s, and was incorporated in 1806, named for Joseph Orono, a local Penobscot chief who had recently died. Its population was relatively small until a lumber boom began in the 1820s. This boom continued into the 1840s, and resulted in Orono&#39;s most significant period of population growth. Main Street, designated United States Route 2, was during this time period lined with the high-quality homes of its prominent citizens. The historic district includes 29 properties, most of which are Federal or Greek Revival in style, reflecting the popularity of those styles during this period of growth. A few houses were either built in later styles, or were restyled. There are two churches, and two school buildings in the district.</p><br>
<p>The oldest house in the district is the George Read House at 128 Main Street; it is a Federal period structure, with a Colonial Revival portico added in the 20th century. Other Federal period houses include 143 and 148 Main Street (built 1830 and 1831, respectively), both of which have later Italianate styling applied. The newest buildings in the district are the church and school of St. Marys Catholic Church; both were designed by Victor Hodgins of Bangor, and were built in 1905 (church) and 1914 (school). The other church in the district is the 1843-44 Greek Revival Universalist Church, and the other school building is a significantly-altered 1820s district schoolhouse at 88 Main Street. Houses associated with prominent individuals include the Gov. Israel Washburn House at 120 Main, built in 1840 by Israel Washburn, Jr., who was Maines governor during the American Civil War, and the Nathaniel Treat House, built by the owner of several area lumber mills.</p><br>
<p>The Capt. James Morison House is a historic house on South Road in Parsonsfield, Maine. Built about 1785 by a veteran of the American Revolutionary War, it is a well-preserved example of early Federal architecture, and is further noted for the murals painted by the itinerant artist Jonathan D. Poor on its walls. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Morison House is located in rural southeastern Parsonsfield, on the north side of South Road east of South Parsonsfield. It is traditional New England connected farmstead, with a main house, ell, barn, and shed, which are oriented roughly southeast to northwest. All parts are topped by gable roofs and rest on granite foundations. The main house is a rectangular -story wood-frame structure, with a five-bay main facade facing southwest. It is symmetrically arranged, with a center entrance sheltered by a mid-19th century Italianate bracketed hood. The ell is four bays long and two stories tall, and connects the house to the barn, which is finished in board-and-batten siding. The barn&#39;s gable is at right angles to that of the ell and main house, and it is extended to the north by a shed-roof section.</p><br>
<p>The interior of the main house retains original Federal period woodwork, including a center stairway with delicately carved balusters. The walls of the stairwell and second floor hallway are decorated with murals painted by Jonathan D. Poor. Poor was well known in northern New England for his work, which he learned from his uncle, Rufus Porter. The work in this house is notable for bearing Poor&#39;s signature.</p><br>
<p>James Morison, of Scottish descent, moved to Parsonsfield in 1785, the year it was incorporated. He served in the American Revolutionary War on the staff of General Charles Lee in the New York and New Jersey campaign of 1776, and was wounded in the 1777 Battle of Brandywine. The murals, and other later stylistic elements were probably added to the house by Seth Chellis, who owned one of the area&#39;s largest farms in the mid-19th century.</p><br>
<p>Strack Pond is a glacial kettle pond located inside Forest Park, Queens, New York City. The pond was buried in 1966 and restored four decades later.</p><br>
<p>Its namesake was a Woodhaven resident killed in the Vietnam War. The pond is located at a point to the west of Woodhaven Boulevard and south of Forest Park Drive in a natural depression. Historically, Strack Pond did not have an official name. It was given its name in February 1969 after Private First Class Lawrence E. Strack. Strack grew up in Woodhaven and ice skated on what was then an unnamed pond. In the summer, he played in the Rich-Haven Little League, which was composed of children from Woodhaven and Richmond Hill. He signed up to serve as a paratrooper in 1966 and briefly returned home to marry his childhood sweetheart. On March 3, 1967 during a combat parachute jump in Vietnam, PFC Strack was killed in a fierce firefight.</p><br>
<p>For many years after the renaming, the site was used by the Rich-Haven Little League. The site often flooded after heavy rains, making it unusable for much of the year. In May 2004, the restored pond was opened to the public as a three-acre nature preserve with a trail descending to the pond.</p><br>
<p>Rancho De Los Kiotes  near Carlsbad, California was a weekend retreat for actor Leo Carrillo, who designed the property in the style of Spanish hacienda estates. Situated on land once inhabited by the Luiseño people, the original 2,538 acre were located on an old Spanish land grant. Carrillo purchased 1,700 acre for $17 an acre in 1937, adding additional acreage two years later. Over the next few years he designed and built a working rancho  in tribute to his ancestors who arrived in California in the 1700s.</p><br>
<p>In 1976, the city of Carlsbad acquired the 10.5 acre of the ranch that had been listed on the National Register of Historic Place Listings in 1937, and added an additional 16.4 acre to create the Leo Carrillo Ranch Historic Park. There are 17 contributing properties on the ranch, including the main adobe house and "Deedie&#39;s house", a smaller adobe artist studio built especially for his wife Edith</p><br>
<p>Rio Grande Southern Railroad , Motor No. 2  is a gasoline engine powered narrow gauge railroad motorcar. It was converted on August 12, 1931 from a 1927 Buick "Master Six" 4-door sedan. The Buick was cut behind the rear doorpost and extended with sheet metal 18 in to form an enlarged passenger compartment. The steering column was removed. The couch from the RGS office become the back seat as it is shown being requisitioned for Goose No. 2 on the statement covering construction. The front axle was removed and replaced with a swiveling two-axle lightweight railroad truck with sixteen-inch diameter wheels that carried and guided the front of the Goose. Ahead of the front truck the pilot  is attached to the frame. There were two small pivoted scrapers attached to the rear of the pilot to keep small objects on the track from derailing the lightweight front truck. During the winter season a small snowplow was attached to the front of the pilot.</p><br>
<p>The rear of the frame was lengthened using junked truck frame parts to carry the enclosed mail, express, and freight compartment. The compartment box is sixteen feet long, seven feet wide, and six foot ten inches high at the sides. It has a four-foot wide double door, approximately centered, on each side for access to the mail, express, and freight compartment. The roof is bowed upward in the center to shed moisture. The compartment was fabricated from 2 by wood framing, with 1 by wood strips running crossways. This is covered with 22 gauge galvanized sheet steel nailed to the 1" x 2" strips.</p><br>
<p>The heating of the freight compartment of Goose No. 2 was noted as being considered in September 1931, soon after completion. Goose No. 2&#39;s stove is located in a four foot wide by two foot seven inch area added onto the rear of the compartment in the center. Examination shows that it was added on after the compartment box was built, but probably not too long thereafter, as the earliest photographs found show the addition.</p><br>
<p>The Goose was originally powered by the engine, clutch and transmission that came with the Buick sedan. These powered the rear swiveling two-axle truck assembly mounted under the rear frame and compartment. The drive shaft powers only the forward axle, which was made from a modified Ford truck rear axle. The rearmost axle is driven by roller chains and sprockets mounted outside of the wheels. The rear truck has twenty-four inch diameter cast wheels.</p><br>
<p>The braking is accomplished by brake shoes between the axles on each truck being pushed against the wheel treads. These are actuated by linkage connecting them to the normal foot pedal and parking brake lever. The foot brake is connected to the front truck and the parking brake lever is connected to the rear truck. Goose No. 2 never received air brakes.</p><br>
<p>The original paint scheme of Goose No. 2 is still an item of much discussion. Examination of the paint layers on the rear compartment exterior shows a shade of green on the bottom layer. It is now a light green, probably a faded Pullman dark green paint. Over that is black paint, and then the aluminum paint that was used after 1935. The body on Goose No. 2 was replaced around 1939 with the body from the San Christobal Railroad Goose No. 1 which was built by the RGS for the San Christobal in 1934. This is a Fierce-Arrow Model 80 body and is longer with larger side windows than that of the Buick body. The rear freight compartment was shortened eight inches to allow for the longer body and avoid altering the frame and drive shafts. This is its current configuration as displayed.</p><br>
<h2>Rio Grande Southern Railroad</h2><br>
<p>Otto Mears incorporated the Rio Grande Southern Railroad in November 1889, as another of his many narrow gauge railroads in the San Juan Mountains of Colorado. Narrow gauge railroads operate on rails spaced 3 ft apart as opposed to the 4 feet 8 1/2 inch spacing used by standard gauge railroads. Mears planned to tap the economic riches of the area—lumber, livestock, and mined ores, particularly silver. The area to be serviced stretched west and northwest of Durango to Ridgway, north of Ouray. The area was already well populated and promised a lucrative source of rail revenue.</p><br>
<p>Construction of the RGS started in 1890 from the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad (D&RG) tracks in Durango towards Dolores and from the D&RG tracks in Ridgway toward Telluride and Ophir. The 162.6 mile railroad was finished in late 1891 with the joining of the two ends south of Rico. The year 1892 was a successful and profitable year for the RGS, but financial success was not long lasting.</p><br>
<h2>Bibliography</h2><br>
<p>American Railroad Association, Locomotive Cyclopedia of American Practice. Ninth Edition-1930 Simmons-Boardman Publishing Co., New York, N.Y., 1930. Republished 1985 by Newton K. Gregg, Novato California.</p><br>
<p>Ferrell, Mallory Hope, Silver San Juan. The Rio Grande Southern Railroad, Pruett Publishing Co., Boulder, Colorado, 1973.</p><br>
<p>Rhine, Stanley, Galloping Geese on the Rio Grande Southern. Tin Feathers and Gasoline Fumes. Colorado Railroad Museum, Golden, Colorado, 1971. Reprinted from the Colorado Rail Annual No. 9, Colorado Railroad Museum, Golden, 1971,</p><br>
<p>Richardson, Robert W., Narrow Gauge News. Colorado Rail Annual No. 21. Colorado Railroad Museum, Golden, Colorado, 1994.</p><br>
<p>Rio Grande Southern Railroad , Motor Number 6  is a gasoline engine powered narrow gauge railroad motor car. The Goose body and chassis were built from a Buick automobile. The new Buick body was cut off behind the front seat and a new rear wall installed. The steering wheel was removed as it was not needed, but the other controls remained. The front axle was removed and replaced with a swiveling two axle lightweight railroad truck with sixteen inch diameter wheels that carried and guided the front of the Goose. Ahead of the front truck is the pilot  attached to the frame. Two small pivoted scrapers attached to the rear of the pilot slide on the rails to keep small objects on the track from derailing the lightweight front truck. During the winter season a small snow plow  was attached to the front of the pilot.</p><br>
<p>The rear of the car frame was lengthened using steel channel riveted together but welded to the frame to carry the truck type flat-bed platform. The bed has short stake racks around the sides to keep materials from falling off.</p><br>
<p>The Goose was originally powered by the 6-cylinder engine, clutch and transmission that came with the Buick. The drive chain powers the rear swiveling two axle truck assembly mounted under the rear frame and platform bed. The drive shaft turns only the forward axle. The rearmost axle is driven by roller chains and sprockets mounted outside of the wheels on each side. The rear truck has twenty four-inch diameter cast wheels.</p><br>
<p>The braking is accomplished by brake shoes between the axles on each truck being pushed against the wheel treads. These are actuated by linkage connecting them to the normal foot pedal and parking brake lever. The foot brake is connected to the front truck and the parking brake lever is connected to the rear truck. Goose No. 6 received air brakes about 1939.</p><br>
<p>The paint colors of Goose No. 6 early on is still an item of much discussion. Examination of the paint layers on the rear bed revealed only black and then aluminum that was used after 1935.</p><br>
<p>The Buick body on Goose No. 6 was replaced around 1942 with the body of a Pierce-Arrow automobile, probably a Pierce-Arrow Model 36. The Buick engine was also replaced with the Pierce-Arrow engine. Soon after a small box was attached behind and above the rear seat, probably to carry lunches and small tools. Around 1949 a second gas tank was placed on the cab roof. This was in addition to the other tank under the right front of the bed. Both tanks were hooked up to the engine. The automotive style marker lights were removed from the side of the cab and railroad style markers were placed on top of the cab at the outer edges. This is its current configuration as displayed at the Museum.</p><br>
<p>Mount McCoy  is a 1,325-foot-high peak in Simi Valley, California known for its characteristic 12 foot white cross on the top. There are numerous trails leading to Mount McCoy, which sits in a 200 acre By 1813, the cross on Mt. McCoy was a landmark for the Friars and others in the Simi Valley.</p><br>
<p>An 1858 map of the Simi Valley does show a cross on Mt. McCoy, but a newer cross was erected by Robert E. Harrington in 1921, and a concrete one later in 1941. Mount McCoy has been a landmark for the area since before the town was founded. In 1986, Mount McCoy was designated Ventura County Landmark No. 106. The main trailhead is located at 2 Washburn Street at the western end of Simi Valley. A trailhead to a shorter hiking trail is located around 56-58 Presidential Drive on the way to the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. If you follow the off-road leading to the water tank on top of the hill, there is a side trail to the left leading you directly to the cross.</p><br>
<p>From the top of Mount McCoy there are views of the Simi Hills and Simi Valley, as well as Simi Peak, open-space areas and the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library. There are also views of the Santa Monica Mountains, Mount Baldy, the San Gabriel Mountains and the Topatopa Mountains, and on clear days, even the Ojai backcountry, the Channel Islands and the Pacific Ocean. It is one of two crosses overlooking the Simi Valley, the other one being situated by the Santa Susana Pass and Rocky Peak by the Santa Susana portion of eastern Simi Valley.</p><br>
<p>At, the Großer Gleichberg is the higher of the two adjacent mountaintops known as the Gleichberge east of Römhild in the landscape of Grabfeld and the county of Hildburghausen in the German state of Thuringia. It was formed in the Tertiary volcanic field of the Heldburger Gangschar and is the highest point today of that formation.</p><br>
<p>With an isolation of well over 20 kilometres and a prominence of just under 300 metres, the Großer Gleichberg is one of the most striking mountains in Thuringia.</p><br>
<p>In the Cold War period from 1968 to 1991 there was a military out-of-bounds area at the summit with a radio and radar station belonging to the Red Army. In 1942 it had been declared a protected area; today the Großer Gleichberg is a nature reserve. At the summit there is a former ein ehemaliger TV converter that broadcast television to southwest Thuringia and those areas of Bavaria near the border, but now just acts as a mobile phone transceiver.</p><br>
<p>Basalt used to be mined in two quarries on the Großer Gleichberg: the Gleichamberg Quarry (Gleichamberger Steinbruch) and the Römhild Quarry (Römhilder Steinbruch). The Römhild Quarry was operated from 1901 to 1968 and the ruins of its stonebreaking yard are still visible (as at: 2013). The Gleichamberg Quarry operated from 1897 to 1981 and employed up to 140 workers (in 1927). There is also a cableway with which basalt was transported in coal drams to the basalt works at the station in Römhild and to Gleichamberg. In the forest settlement (Waldhaussiedlung), on the saddle between the two Gleichberge, there is a "corner station" (Winkelstation) where the Römhild Cableway (Römhilder Seilbahn) changed direction. It was also a sawmill.</p><br>
<p>During the Nazi era, from August 1943 to March 1945, there was a forced labour camp in the Römhild Quarry in which up to about 400 "defaulting foreign" forced labourers were interned. The prisoners had to work in the basalt quarry or in the basalt works by Römhild Station. In addition they were used to build bunkers and fortifications in Mendhausen and sometimes employed in handicrafts and trades in Römhild and the surrounding area.</p><br>
<p>It has been estimated that at least 500 prisoners died in the camp or during its evacuation march in 1945. These include 25 to 92 prisoners who were unable to walk and were shot in a sand cave on the eastern side of the Großer Gleichberg. The cave entrance was subsequently blown up and the mass grave discovered in late January 1947.</p><br>
<p>According to official death lists, by the end of March 1944, 44 prisoners had been buried in the lower forest cemetery on the eastern slopes of the Großer Gleichberg, 64 prisoners had been interred at the upper cemetery and a further 61 prisoners at the municipal cemetery where there is a monument in a commemorative grove.</p><br>
<h2>Way of Remembrance</h2><br>
<p>Großer-Gleichberg-Weg-des-Gedenkens.jpgWay of Remembrance</p><br>
<p>Großer-Gleichberg-Unterer-Friedhof.jpgLower Cemetery (50&deg;23&prime;50.92&Prime;N latitude, 10&deg;36&prime;2.58&Prime;E longitude)</p><br>
<p>Großer-Gleichberg-Gedenkstele.jpgMemorial stele (50&deg;23&prime;47.45&Prime;N latitude, 10&deg;35&prime;50.24&Prime;E longitude)</p><br>
<p>Großer-Gleichberg-Oberer-Friedhof.jpgUpper Cemetery (50&deg;23&prime;41.85&Prime;N latitude, 10&deg;35&prime;46.8&Prime;E longitude)</p><br>
<p>Großer-Gleichberg-Sandstollen.jpgSand Gallery (50&deg;23&prime;43.6&Prime;N latitude, 10&deg;35&prime;35.9&Prime;E longitude)</p><br>
<p>The Morrell House is a historic house on Morrills Mill Road in North Berwick, Maine. Built in 1763 by a descendant of one of the area&#39;s first European settlers, it is a fine local example of Georgian craftsmanship. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Morrell House stands on the east side of Morrills Mill Road, a short way south of its crossing of Great Works River near the town line between North Berwick and Sanford. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a side gable roof, large central chimney, clapboard siding, and a granite foundation. Oriented to face south, the main facade is five bays wide, with a center entrance flanked by simple wooden pilasters and topped by a transom window and simple pediment. The interior follows a typical period central-chimney plan, with a narrow winding staircase in the front vestibule, with the parlor to the right and study to the left. The rear of the house is taken up by the kitchen, with a second staircase leading to one of the three bedrooms upstairs.</p><br>
<p>The area that is today North Berwick was originally part of Kittery in the 17th century, when land was granted here to John Morrell, Sr. He built a log house in the area in 1640, and his sons Peter and Jedediah operated mills on the Great Works River. Jedediah&#39;s son Winthrop built this house in 1763. The building underwent a major restoration in the early 1970s.</p><br>
<p>The Binks Hess House and Barn are a historic farm property in Marcella, Arkansas. Located just east of Arkansas Highway 14 on Partee Drive, it is a 1-1/2 story dogtrot house, with a side gable roof, weatherboard siding, and a stone pier foundation. A single-story porch, supported by square posts, stands in front of the open breezeway section, which is finished in flushboarding, at the center of the east-facing main facade. An ell extends to the rear. Behind the house stands the barn, built on a transverse crib plan with side shed-roof additions. Both house and barn were built about 1871 for Binks Hess, brother of Marcella&#39;s founder Thomas. The barn is believed to be the oldest in Stone County, and the first to use sawn lumber in its construction.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Kleiner Gleichberg is the slightly lower of the two Gleichberge mountains, east of the village of Römhild in the country of Grabfeld in the county of Hildburghausen in the German state of Thuringia. The Celtic Oppidum Steinsburg is located on the mountain.</p><br>
<p>Because of the proximity of its larger brother, the Großer Gleichberg, which is less than 3 kilometres away and, at, slightly higher, the Kleiner Gleichberg is not particularly dominant. Nevertheless, it has a topographic prominence of over 200 metres.</p><br>
<p>A footpath runs from the Steinsburg Museum on the saddle between the two Gleichberge, almost in a straight line to a point near at the summit, before spiralling to the top as it climbs the last few metres.</p><br>
<p>From the rocky plateau on the summit of the Kleiner Gleichberg there are good all round views, especially in winter, of the Thuringian Forest, the more distant Rhön Mountains, the Haßberge Hills, the ruined Straufhain Castle, Coburg Fortress, etc. In summer the view in some directions is restricted by trees in full leaf.</p><br>
<p>South Water Market is a historic produce market in the Near West Side neighborhood of Chicago, Illinois. Completed in 1925, the complex was designed as a structured replacement to Chicagos sprawling downtown produce markets on South Water Street; while these markets had existed since the mid-19th century, they had become a traffic and sanitation problem. The new complex included six buildings with 166 units, all with modernized and hygienic facilities; despite being relocated away from South Water Street, it kept the South Water name. The complex was the largest produce market by area in the nation when it opened, and it soon became the second-largest by sales behind New York Citys markets. The market served as the nexus of Chicagos major produce wholesaling industry, which both provided food for city residents and functioned as a forwarding market due to the citys railroad connections. Although business at the market fell into a decline by the 1950s, the market remained in operation until 2001.</p><br>
<p>The market was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 20, 2004.</p><br>
<p>The Employees&#39; New Dormitory and Club, also known as Building 232, is a historic building in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Built in 1931, it is notable as the only surviving building of the Albuquerque Indian School, which operated at this location from 1882 to 1976. It was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties in 1981 and the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The Albuquerque Indian School was established by Presbyterian missionaries in 1881 and moved to its longtime campus on 12th Street the following year. Operated for most of its existence by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA), the institution was an industrial boarding school for Native American boys and girls, most of whom came from the Pueblos of New Mexico and the Navajo Nation. Under the prevailing philosophy of the time, the students were stripped of their native identity and forced to assimilate into white American culture using strict military-style discipline. Eventually, however, this educational model fell out of favor and the Indian School struggled to maintain a sense of purpose later in the 20th century. It relocated to Santa Fe in 1976 and closed for good a few years later. The Albuquerque campus was left to deteriorate and all of the buildings but one were demolished in the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The Employees&#39; New Dormitory (Building 232) was built in 1931 and originally housed living and dining space for school faculty members. After the school closed, the building remained in use as a regional headquarters of the BIA, which prevented it from being demolished along with the rest of the campus. In 2011, the Indian School property was handed over from the BIA to the All Pueblo Council for redevelopment. The BIA had planned to demolish Building 232, but it was saved at the behest of the Society for the Preservation of American Indian Culture. In 2013 the building was completely renovated and it now houses the Native American Community Academy, a charter school for Native Americans.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>Located at the extreme southern end of the former Indian School campus, the Employees&#39; New Dormitory is a two-story, U-shaped building with the main block facing Indian School Road and two wings extending to the rear. It is designed in the Mission Revival style with a hipped tile roof, stuccoed walls, and arched window and door openings. The street facade is symmetrical, with two main entrance porches whose gable ends are topped with ornamental curved parapets. The facade is also decorated with three decorative shield emblems, one in the center and one over each entrance. The ground floor windows are arched, while those on the second floor are smaller and rectangular. The interior layout was modified during the 2013 renovation.</p><br>
<p>Peachester Public Dip is a heritage-listed cattle dip at Peachester Road, Peachester, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built in 1915. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 April 2009.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Peachester Public Dip is a concrete formed cattle dip framed with slab posts and a sawn timber roof clad in corrugated iron sheeting. It dates from 1915 when it replaced an earlier timber dip built by Landsborough Shire Council on the site, which had been reserved as a Stock Dip Reserve in November 1910. These dips were erected in response to the spread of cattle tick into Queensland which threatened the cattle industry throughout the State and dairying in south-east Queensland.</p><br>
<p>Cattle tick (Boophilus microplus) was probably introduced into Darwin with cattle from Indonesia in the early 1870s. The tick spread south into other parts of the continent and became a major problem for the cattle industry. In 1891 cattle tick reached Queensland bringing with it tick fever caused by three types of blood-born bacteria. By the mid-1890s the tick had spread quickly to the south causing heavy losses among herds. This heightened the need for stock inspection and by the end of the century there were more than 30 inspectors stationed at 28 locations throughout Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The means of combating tick-fever caused by cattle-tick resulted from research by Charles Joseph Pound who began investigating "redwater disease of cattle" in the gulf district in 1894. He established that redwater or tick fever was confined to bovines and that the disease was readily transmissible by ticks and identified the genus of tick vector Boophilus. In the mid-1890s, Pound, as Queensland Government Bacteriologist, undertook tick fever inoculation studies. These, the first such trials in Australia, established a methodology and dosage that is still used worldwide. A cattle dip was built at the former Indooroopilly Sheep Quarantine Grounds in 1898 and until 1905 was used by the Department of Agriculture to establish a suitable dipping preparation and procedure for the destruction of cattle ticks.</p><br>
<p>The Queensland government&#39;s response to cattle tick-born tick fever was dipping cattle in infected areas and creating designated tick-free zones with restricted movement of stock from tick-affected to tick-free areas. The Stock Act 1915 regulated the movement of cattle and empowered Stock Inspectors to enforce tick control measures. Government cattle dips were established at the entry points between tick-infested and tick-free zones. Tick gates were located at various points on the New South Wales-Queensland border.</p><br>
<p>Between the late 1880s and the 1900s the dairy industry in Queensland grew rapidly. Queensland&#39;s total number of dairy cattle in 1898 was 80,000; by 1910, this had grown to 350,000. Initially, dairying was concentrated in south-east Queensland and by the mid-1900s it was emerging as the principal rural industry of the North Coast area (now known as the Sunshine Coast). Major areas of development were along the fertile valleys of the main rivers and tributaries.</p><br>
<p>At Peachester, dairying became the major occupation in the early 1900s. From 1907 all Peachester cream was transported to the Beerwah railway station and railed to the Caboolture Butter Factory. Before that the small amount of cream produced went to the Silverwood Butter Factory in Gympie.</p><br>
<p>Following World War I, dairying in Queensland entered a boom period. By the 1930s, when dairy production peaked, it had emerged as the second largest primary industry in Queensland accounting for 20% of primary production. Dairying was regarded as the principal primary industry in the southeast and continued to expand.</p><br>
<p>At the local level, in response to a request from Peachester dairy farmers, the Landsborough Shire Council built a wooden dip at the site of the Peachester Stock Dip Reserve. This was replaced by a concrete one built by a Landsborough man who built several other dips on private properties in the area.</p><br>
<p>A caretaker was appointed to oversee the dip. He was responsible for "charging" the dip with the mixture of arsenic and soda that was used. Water was carted from the nearby Stanley River to keep it filled. One day per week, usually Saturday, was set aside for dipping and a fee of two pence per head was charged. As more farmers built their own dips, the Peachester Public Dip fell into disuse.</p><br>
<p>Although the older smaller public plunge dips such as Peachester have fallen into disuse, large public dips along the line between the tick-infested and tick-free areas in Queensland are still operational. From 1935 tick resistance to arsenic led to the use of other chemicals in dips; initially DDT, then organophosphates, and carbamates. Research undertaken by C.J. Pound and later the Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO), led to the development of various tick vaccines and antibiotics to treat infected animals. With the development of a successful anti-tick vaccine, inoculation against ticks became available from the 1990s. Today farmers and graziers in tick-susceptible areas often use spray- rather than plunge dips, in conjunction with tick-resistant cattle breeds, pasture rotation and vaccination to control cattle ticks.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The Peachester Public cattle dip with remnant yards is located amongst dense scrub to the north-west of Peachester on the northern side of Peachester Road.</p><br>
<p>Rectangular in plan, the narrow concrete formed cavity runs east/west with the stepped exit ramp at the west end. The long sides of the dip are lined with vertical, half-height timber boards fixed to sawn timber rails. The dip is sheltered by a gable roof supported by round timber posts, framed with sawn timber and clad with corrugated iron sheeting.</p><br>
<p>Timber posts standing adjacent to the dip remain from the holding yards.</p><br>
<p>The site is bounded by a low barbed wire and timber fence.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Peachester Public Dip was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 3 April 2009 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the evolution or pattern of Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>Peachester Public Dip (built 1915) is important in demonstrating the evolution of the Queensland government&#39;s response to the threat to its cattle-based industries that the spread of tick fever caused from the 1890s by providing public dips on reserved land.</p><br>
<p>Peachester Public Dip was an important component in the management of dairy cattle within the North Coast region, one of the major dairy production areas in Queensland.</p><br>
<p>The place demonstrates rare, uncommon or endangered aspects of Queensland&#39;s cultural heritage.</p><br>
<p>Peachester Public Dip is important as rare surviving evidence of the practice of plunge dipping cattle at locally developed, small public dips that was common in the first few decades of the 20th century. This practice has been largely superseded by large public dips at the borders of tick-free areas and technological innovations in the treatment of cattle tick infestation.</p><br>
<p>The place is important in demonstrating the principal characteristics of a particular class of cultural places.</p><br>
<p>Peachester Public Dip demonstrates the principal characteristics of a plunge cattle dip used to combat cattle tick in the early part of the 20th century. These characteristics include the rectilinear dip formed in concrete with a stepped concrete ramp up from the dip; a timber-framed, gabled roof clad in corrugated iron sheeting and posts of the associated holding yards.</p><br>
<p>Goat Range is a mountain range of the Canadian Rockies in southwestern Alberta, Canada.</p><br>
<p>It is a part of the Front Ranges of the Southern Continental Ranges and lies on the western edge of Kananaskis Country, on the boundary between Spray Valley Provincial Park and Banff National Park. To the east, the Spray Lakes Reservoir separates the Goat Range from the Kananaskis Range, to the north-east, Goat Creek separates it from Mount Rundle, and to the south-west, the Spray River separates it from Sundance Range. It covers an area of about 115 km², extending about 25 km in a NNW-SSE direction with a width ranging between 4 and 6 km.</p><br>
<p>The highest peak is the Old Goat Mountain (3109 m), located near the southern end of the range.</p><br>
<p>A small glacier, the Old Goat Glacier, lies in a narrow cirque below the steep north-east face of the summit at an altitude of only 2300-2500 m. From the Spray Lakes West Campground, an unmaintained trail leads up for 4 km, ascending 200 m towards the glacier. The Gem Trek map suggests that from the end of the trail, the cirque can be reached without a path. No other hiking trails exist in the range. The only other named peak, Mount Nestor (2975m), forms the southern end of the range.</p><br>
<p>The Belfast Historic District encompasses a large portion of the city center of Belfast, Maine, representing one of Maine&#39;s largest concentrations of pre-Civil War architecture, as well as a rich collection of commercial architecture of the late 19th and early 20th centuries. The district was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986, with minor enlargements in 1993 and 1995.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The city of Belfast is located at the head of Belfast Bay on the west side of Penobscot Bay, where the Passagassawakeag River empties into the bay. Incorporated as a city in 1853, it was by then a major shipbuilding and shipping center. In the second half of the 19th century it was served by steamship service to other ports, and was connected by railroad to Boston and Portland. The city has also been the county seat of Waldo County since its founding in 1827.</p><br>
<p>The citys downtown is organized as a series of roads paralleling the southern bank of the river, which is oriented roughly northwest to southeast. This historic district encompasses a large portion of this area, roughly bounded on the north by Anderson and High Streets, on the east by High Street, on the south by Elm and Grove Streets, and on the west by Congress Street. This area includes one of the states largest single concentrations of residential architecture from the first half of the 19th century, and a significant collection of commercial and municipal architecture extending from then into the mid-20th century.</p><br>
<p>The commercial focus of the city is at a five-way intersection involving Main, Church, and Beaver Streets. The area extending from this point northward along Main Street contains a concentration of the city&#39;s finest late 19th-century commercial architecture, which is separately listed on the National Register as the Belfast Commercial Historic District, and includes as prominent landmarks the Belfast National Bank building and the former Masonic Temple. It also includes major civic buildings: City Hall, the Waldo County Courthouse, and the Customhouse and Post Office, all built in the 1850s and designed by prominent architects.</p><br>
<p>Extending south from this five-way intersection is Church Street, which is lined with a series of high-quality houses built primarily between 1840 and 1870. Stylistically they are typically Greek Revival or Italianate; the finest examples include the 1842 Greek Revival James P. White House, designed by Calvin Ryder, a local architect who left a significant imprint in the city. The northern end of Church Street is anchored by the 1818 First Church of Belfast, a fine Federal-period building.</p><br>
<p>After the district was listed on the National Register in 1986, it was technically amended in 1993 to include three properties on Anderson Street, which had been omitted due to unclear boundaries of the Primrose Hill Historic District, which this district was intended to completely include. In 1996 the Colonial Theater at 121 High Street was added; it is a Colonial Revival structure built in 1923 and restyled in 1947 into the Moderne style, illustrating the continuing evolution of the city&#39;s architecture.</p><br>
<p>The William P. and Rosa Lee Martin Farm is a historic farm property in rural Searcy County, Arkansas. It contains all but two of the original buildings of a farmstead established in 1922, representing a remarkably complete collection of outbuildings in addition to the main house. Located on County Road 73 , just south of Arkansas Highway 74 in the eastern part of the county, it includes the house, a barn, garage, workshop, potato house, corn crib, and wellhouse, all of which were built by the Martins, who worked a 200 acre farm until their deaths in 1971. The buildings have seen generally minor alterations and improvements, a rarity in rural Arkansas where farmsteads of this vintage are often abandoned and demolished.</p><br>
<p>The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2011.</p><br>
<p>The Stiklestad United Lutheran Church is a historic church in Brandrup Township, Minnesota, United States, completed in 1898. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980 for having local significance in the themes of architecture, exploration/settlement, and religion. It was nominated as a symbol of the area&#39;s Norwegian immigrants and the role religion played in the cultural persistence of this and many other European enclaves that dominated part or all of many Minnesota counties, as well as for being a well-preserved example of Carpenter Gothic church design.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>The area was settled by Norwegian immigrants mostly hailing from around Trondheim. The church was built from 1897 to 1898 by members of the congregation, with local carpenter Sam Christenson serving as contractor and foreman. The church was named for Stiklestad Church in Norway.</p><br>
<p>Monte Vista Elementary School is a public elementary school in the Nob Hill neighborhood of Albuquerque, New Mexico, whose campus is listed in the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places. It is notable as one of the city&#39;s best examples of Mediterranean Revival architecture and as the historical focal point of the surrounding neighborhood.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In the 1920s and 30s Albuquerque was undergoing rapid development along Central Avenue in the area then known as the East Mesa, the high ground just east of the present alignment of Interstate 25. One of the new developments was the Monte Vista Addition, which was laid out in 1926 leaving room for a future elementary school at the intersection of two diagonal boulevards, Monte Vista and Campus. Albuquerque Public Schools originally planned to build a ten-classroom school, but scaled the plans back to eight classrooms to cut costs. The school was budgeted at $77,500 and was designed by local architect T. Charles Gaastra, who also designed the nearby Hendren Building some years later.</p><br>
<p>Monte Vista opened to the public on February 1, 1931, and has remained in use for its original purpose ever since. A 1947 addition extended the wings at the rear of the building, adding more classrooms to keep up with increasing enrollment. A separate cafeteria building was added in 1965. In 1981, the school was added to the New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties and the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>Architecture</h2><br>
<p>The historic main building at Monte Vista was designed by local architect T. Charles Gaastra in the Mediterranean Revival style. The plan is complex but carefully aligned with respect to the wedge-shaped corner of Monte Vista and Campus Boulevards. The school has four classroom wings projecting from a central block punctuated by an arched front entrance, elaborately ornamented with molded terra cotta, and a square tower with a domed cupola. Shallowly pitched tile roofs and tan stuccoed walls complete the Mediterranean appearance. The rear of the building, including the 1947 additions, has two stories, while the front has one. The windows used are generally 6-over-6 sashes.</p><br>
<p>The Ursa Town Hall, also known as the Ursa Odd Fellows Lodge, is a historic building located at 109 South Warsaw Street in Ursa, Illinois. The building was constructed in 1895; from its completion, it was intended to serve both as Ursas town hall and as a meeting place for the local lodges of the Independent Order of Odd Fellows and the Freemasons. The Odd Fellows funded the building and owned the hall, lending space to the other groups; however, Ursa Township eventually purchased the first floor of the building, as the Odd Fellows only met on the upper floor per the orders custom. The town used the lower floor for its meetings and as a polling place; the meeting space has also held school events, as the local school lacked an auditorium, and business meetings. The hall also served as the community&#39;s social center; the Odd Fellows hosted many community events, and residents watched traveling performers and movies in the hall.</p><br>
<p>After Ursa was incorporated as a village in 1964, village government also began to use the building. After the village installed a new sewer system in 1984, it outlawed the use of outdoor toilets; the township, whose officials opposed the law, demolished the halls outhouses but did not add indoor facilities. Due to the buildings newfound lack of toilets, its use in the community dropped dramatically.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 1, 2002.</p><br>
<p>The Coca-Cola Bottling Company Building is a historic Coca-Cola bottling plant located at 616 North 24th Street in Quincy, Illinois. The building was constructed in 1940 for the J. J. Flynn Co., Coca-Colas regional bottling company in Quincy and one of six Coca-Cola bottlers in Illinois. Local architect Martin J. Geise designed the Art Deco building, one of the few examples of Art Deco in an industrial building in Quincy. The buildings design features a projecting central entrance with a high roof line, pilasters with terra cotta decorations at the front corners, and brick columns dividing the front windows; the features combine to give the building a strong vertical emphasis, an important Art Deco aesthetic. Some features of the emerging Art Moderne style are present in the building, including a stone string course, a flat overhang covering the entrance, and a flat roof.</p><br>
<p>The building was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 7, 1997.</p><br>
<p>Katora Lake which means "bowl" in Pashto. It was named after the lakes resemblance to a bowl shape. It is an alpine glacial lake located in the upper reaches of Jahaz banda, Kumrat valley Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province. The lake is fed by the surrounding melting glacier waters.</p><br>
<p>It is one of the most beautiful lakes in the region and visited by adventurous hikers every year in the summer season.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Katora Lake (also called Jaz Dand) is situated in Lamoti region of Kumrat valley, Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province, of Pakistan at an elevation of 11,500 ft approximately from the sea level. The lake is surrounded by snow clad high mountains and pristine flowers of diverse species have covered its margins. The trail to this lake is a memorable, as one comes across lush green forests, fragrant flowers and crystal clear springs and gushing waterfalls. The only sound which one hears is either the screeching of your jogging shoes or birds. It is located in such a far-flung area where permanent human living is very tough and next to impossible. To one side, the face of the lake is open and the shimmering water of the lake spill out, in the form of an attractive foamy waterfall which creates an amazing scenario. The best season to visit is August/September however June or July is also good but do expect random showers due to monsoon.</p><br>
<h2>Access</h2><br>
<p>The lake can be accessed from Upper Dir Kumrat valley, it takes almost 5 hours to reach base camp of the lake in Jandrai (also pronounced as Zhandrai). One has to leave the road (as there is none after this point) and start trekking towards Jahaz Banda, and takes 3 hours of trekking under dense forests to reach Jahaz Banda. One can stay there for one night and then trek towards the Lake and reach there in almost 2 hours.</p><br>
<p>Koongalba is a heritage-listed detached house at 12 Wharf Street, Yandina, Sunshine Coast Region, Queensland, Australia. It was built from 1894 to 1920s. It is also known as John Low&#39;s House. It was added to the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 July 1995.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>This single-storeyed timber house was erected in 1894 for John Anthony Low, a prominent member of the Maroochy community during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Low was the eldest son of James Low who was actively involved in the development of the timber industry in the Mooloolah - Maroochy area and the development of Yandina from the 1860s.</p><br>
<p>Following investigation of the timber resources of the Mooloolah - Maroochy region by Tom Petrie, timber-getters commenced work in the area. James Low and William Grigor are recorded as having moved to the Mooloolah area in 1863 where, in partnership with William Pettigrew, they sent timber from the Mooloolah area to Pettigrew&#39;s sawmill in Brisbane. In 1867 James and his family moved north to a site on the Maroochy River opposite Dunethin Rock, where he established a depot located on the then route to the Gympie gold diggings; gold having been discovered at Gympie in 1867. James is recorded as one of the first selectors of land in the district under the Crown Lands Act of 1868. A post office, with James as Post Master, opened in July 1868 and took its name from the Yandina run on which it was situated.</p><br>
<p>A new road was constructed between Brisbane and Gympie in 1868. The new road was approximately 4 miles west of the previous route, and James moved his family to the point where the new road crossed the Maroochy River, and where he re-established his store and the Post Office, and opened a butcher shop and Maroochie House which was licensed in 1869. The store and hotel were located on the south bank of the Maroochy River, east of the Brisbane-Gympie road. The Low family lived in the rear of the Hotel, which was used by travellers on Cobb and Co&#39;s passenger service.</p><br>
<p>The Maroochy River provided an important means of transportation of goods and timber. The position of James store and hotel along the Gympie Road, and adjacent to the Maroochy River provided a focus for trade in the Maroochy area, with customers being drawn from a wide area. The town of Yandina was surveyed in 1871, and a telegraph office was built approximately half a mile south of James store in 1873. James was active in the development of community facilities in the Yandina district, convening a meeting in 1879 which resolved to approach the government to establish a school in the area.</p><br>
<p>James acquired a large area of land around the Maroochy River, on which he grazed cattle and cut timber, in addition to his business enterprises.</p><br>
<p>Following James death in 1883, his widow Christina continued to run the store and post office. Christina also ran a boarding house in the hotel; the liquor license having lapsed on James death. The North Coast railway line from Brisbane to Gympie opened in 1891, at which time the post office was removed to the railway station. The area around the south bank of the Maroochy River declined in importance as a commercial centre, and the hotel was eventually demolished.</p><br>
<p>John took over James timber and grazing businesses upon his fathers death, continuing to cut, haul and raft timber. In 1893 John became engaged to Louisa Ann Bury, and prepared to erect a new house. John acquired two half acre allotments on opposite sides of Wharf Street from James&#39; estate, and planned to use the allotment on the southern side for the house, and the land on the northern side for the garden.</p><br>
<p>John kept very detailed books, and his arrangements for the house are recorded in these books, including copies of orders for timber, joinery and hardware to complete the house which was built by Willie Grigor. Willie was the son of William Grigor, a longstanding family friend of the Lows, and James former partner in the Mooloolah area. Family records note that John planned his house to be similar to Christinas home Coondalbour, built in 1889 a short distance from the site of John&#39;s house. John and Louisa were married in January 1894, and the house was completed the following May.</p><br>
<p>Like James, John was actively involved in the development of the Yandina and Maroochy areas, and held various positions including a member of the Maroochy Divisional Board, electoral presiding officer for Yandina, an auditor for the Moreton Central Sugar Mill in Nambour, Justice of the Peace, Secretary of the Maroochy Cemetery Committee in Yandina, and a member of the committees of the Maroochy Provisional School and the Yandina State School. John also worked as a valuer in the district.</p><br>
<p>John died in 1914 following an accident whilst timber-getting. Louisa continued to live at the house, where she established a large garden. Louisa died in 1957, and the house remained vacant until 1970, at which time it was purchased by Jim and Audienne Blyth, granddaughter of John and Louisa Low.</p><br>
<p>The shingles on the roof of the house were replaced with corrugated iron. The rear verandah was enclosed at around this time, and eventually became the new kitchen area when the original detached kitchen was dismantled. Further work undertaken to the house during the 1920s included restumping the house with concrete stumps, building a tennis court and front path, and further tree planting. By 1970 the house was in a deteriorated condition. Renovations undertaken included removal of the outside wall of the rear verandah, replacement of most of the verandah flooring, and the erection of a new detached kitchen/bathroom/laundry wing connected to the main house by an open walkway. The rear verandah has since been enclosed and a family room added in place of the open walkway.</p><br>
<p>The house was named Koongalba in 1994, to mark the 100th anniversary of the erection of the house. Koongalba, meaning "place of clean water" is the Aboriginal name for the area around the Maroochy River at Yandina.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Koongalba, a single-storeyed timber and iron residence, is located on a level site at the crest of a hill fronting Wharf Street to the north. The residence, consisting of the original building at the front with a later wing added to the rear, has views to the northeast towards the Maroochy River and is surrounded by landscaped grounds with substantial plantings of mature trees.</p><br>
<p>The original building, of four rooms with a central corridor, has a corrugated iron gable roof with skillion roof verandahs to all sides, and timber perimeter stumps with concrete stumps internally. Verandahs have unlined ceilings, chamfered timber posts, timber brackets and capitals, a timber handrail with central support, and retains some of the original beech timber floor boards. Walls have single-skin vertical boarding with external cross-bracing, and gable ends have weatherboard cladding and timber finials. The building is entered via central front steps and a panelled cedar front door with glass sidelights and fanlight. The rear verandah has been enclosed and provides access to the rear wing, but retains verandah fittings and features a similar central door, sidelight and fanlight assembly to the front. Each room has a two cedar sash windows to the verandahs.</p><br>
<p>Internally, the building has beech timber framing with beaded pine vertically jointed boarding, pine internal doors and boarded ceilings. The building has timber skirtings, architraves, cornices and ceiling roses, and the corridor wall to the northwest room has been removed.</p><br>
<p>The rear wing has a corrugated iron hipped roof, weatherboard cladding, concrete stumps and timber sash and casement windows. This structure is long and narrow in plan, and was originally freestanding with a covered walkway linking it to the original building. The space between the two structures was enclosed to create the living room for the rear wing, which also contains the kitchen, bathroom, laundry and garage.</p><br>
<p>The landscaped grounds contain a number of mature trees, including an avenue of seven large Camphor Laurels along the western side of the property forming the driveway, and two Camphor Laurels to the southwest of the house near a recent metal shed. Bunya Pines are located along the southern boundary, and two Mango trees, a Silky Oak, and two Illawarra Flame trees are located around the northeast side of the property.</p><br>
<h2>Heritage listing</h2><br>
<p>Koongalba was listed on the Queensland Heritage Register on 4 July 1995 having satisfied the following criteria.</p><br>
<p>The place is important because of its aesthetic significance.</p><br>
<p>The residence, with its landscaped grounds and plantings of mature trees, makes a considerable contribution to the amenity of the Wharf Street streetscape and the Yandina townscape.</p><br>
<p>The place has a special association with the life or work of a particular person, group or organisation of importance in Queensland&#39;s history.</p><br>
<p>As a building erected on land which has been continuously owned by members of the Low family from the late 1860s, Koongalba is important for its association with the family which was influential in the development of the timber industry in the Mooloolah-Maroochy area, and in the development of Yandina as a commercial centre from the late 1860s.</p><br>
<p>The Old Tavern is a historic travelers&#39; accommodation at Maine State Route 188 and Long Ridge Road in Burlington, Maine. Built in 1844, it predominantly catered to the lumbermen working on logging drives in the region. The building was acquired by the local historical society in 1984, and is now a local history museum. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Old Tavern is located at the southeast corner of the fourway intersection of State Route 188, Long Ridge Road, and Hayden Lane, just north of the rural center of Burlington. The area is still quite rural, set north of the Passadumkeag River, which flows west toward the Penobscot River. The tavern is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, five bays wide, with a side gable roof, twin end chimneys, and clapboard siding. It is oriented facing west toward the southern leg of Route 188. A hip-roof porch extends across its front facade, supported by turned posts with decorative brackets. The main entrance, a 20th-century replacement, is flanked by sidelight windows and pilasters.</p><br>
<p>The tavern was built in 1844 by Amzi Libby, a native of Limerick, Maine, and primarily served lumbermen working further up the Passadumkeag River in the Nicatous Lake area. Jeremiah Page, its second owner, was prominent in local civic affairs, serving as selectman, town clerk, and justice of the peace. After the logging drives ended the tavern became a stopping point for sport hunters and fishermen. The building was acquired in 1984 by the Stewart M. Lord Memorial Historical Society, which has restored the building and uses it as a local history museum. Among the items on display is the tavern&#39;s guest log.</p><br>
<p>The William S. Warfield House is a historic house located at 1624 Maine Street in Quincy, Illinois. The house was built in 1886 for William S. Warfield, who founded the Warfield Grocery Co. Warfield was one of many prominent Quincy residents to build a large house on Maine Street. Architect Joseph Lyman Silsbee designed the house in a blend of the Richardsonian Romanesque and Queen Anne styles; his design popularized Romanesque architecture, and the blend with Queen Anne in particular, in Quincy. The house features a stone exterior with terra cotta decorations, a massive plan, and a large western porch as well as several smaller porches throughout.</p><br>
<p>The house was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 21, 1979.</p><br>
<p>Bartholomew County Courthouse is a historic courthouse located at Columbus, Bartholomew County, Indiana. It was designed by noted Indiana architect Isaac Hodgson, built in 1871-1874 at the cost of $250,000, and dedicated in 1874. Construction was by McCormack and Sweeny. The building was hailed as "the finest in the West" upon its completion.</p><br>
<p>It is a three-story, Second Empire-style red-brick building trimmed in limestone. It features a mansard roof, corner pavilions, Corinthian-order portico, and a six-level clock tower. The clock tower is 154 feet tall. A six-inch thick, 10-ten clock bell was installed in 1875. The clock&#39;s weighted mechanism were replaced with an electric motor in 1940 and a 900-pound weight fell.</p><br>
<p>It was added to the National Register of Historic Places on November 15, 1979. It is located in the Columbus Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Columbus Historic District is a national historic district located at Columbus, Bartholomew County, Indiana. It encompasses 574 contributing buildings and 1 contributing sites in the central business district and surrounding residential areas of Columbus. It was developed between about 1850 and 1930, and includes notable examples of Federal and Italianate style architecture. A number of commercial buildings feature locally manufactured cast iron and pressed metal components. Located in the district are the separately listed Bartholomew County Courthouse, Columbus City Hall, and First Christian Church. Other notable buildings include the First National Bank, The Crump Theatre , Reo Theater, Ulrich Bakery , Samuel Harris House , Keller House , Old Post Office , Franklin Building , Gent Mill , First United Presbyterian Church , Irwin Block , Irwin Home and Gardens , and St. Batholomew&#39;s Roman Catholic Church .</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>New Hope Bridge, also known as Bartholomew County Bridge No. 133, is a historic Pratt through truss bridge spanning the Flatrock River at Columbus Township, Bartholomew County, Indiana. It was designed by the Caldwell & Drake ironworks and built in 1913. It consists of two spans, with each measuring 128 feet long. It rests on concrete abutments and a concrete pier.</p><br>
<p>The bridge is open to single-lane traffic along 400N in Bartholomew County which spans from USA Route 31 just north of Columbus, Indiana to Columbus Municipal Airport, the former site of Bakalar Air Force Base. Because portions of 400N are low-lying the road and bridge are occasionally closed due to high water from the Flat Rock River.</p><br>
<p>New Hope Bridge was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>The Foster House in Union Springs, Alabama is the best example of Moorish Revival architecture in Alabama. The house was built by Dr. Sterling J. Foster, a physician, who built the house over five years from 1854. The house remained in the Foster family until 1947.</p><br>
<p>The two-story wood-frame house is capped by a low-slope hipped roof. Its chief distinguishing feature is a two-story three-bay front porch with a deep spandrel at the top. The spandrel is cut out with ogee arches. A small balcony spans the upper level over the center-hall entrance. Double doors at the main entrance and off the balcony open into a center hall. There are two rooms on either side of the hall on both levels. A half-octagonal addition from 1896 houses bathrooms on both levels. Interior woodwork is mainly the house&#39;s original Greek Revival trim.</p><br>
<p>The Foster House was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on August 14, 1998.</p><br>
